高永莲

摘  要：新课程改革以来，小学语文“回归传统、诵读经典”的呼声日渐高涨，与人教版比较，部编本的教材加大了古诗文的含量。文言文生涩难读，不易理解，老师怕教，学生怕学。因此小学语文老师需要在古诗文教学上有所突破，有所改变，让学生能够真正的在课堂上积累学习古诗文的有效方法是小学语文老师要去探索的。本文从“趣”、“读”、“解”、“悟”、“引”五步法入手，总结梳理在小古文学习中的好方法，有效解决语文教师在教文言文的常见困惑，激发小学生学习文言文的兴趣，为将来大量学习文言文打好基础！

关键词：小学语文;小古文;五步法

【中图分类号】G623.2    【文献标识码】A       【文章编号】1005-8877（2021）12-0027-02

Five steps of "interest"，"reading"，"interpretation"，"comprehension" and "guidance"

——On the role of Chinese teaching in primary school

GAO Yonglian  （Heshui Road Primary School，Xigu District，Lanzhou City，Gansu Province，china）

【Abstract】Since the new curriculum reform，the voice of "returning to tradition and reciting classics" in primary school Chinese has been rising day by day. Classical Chinese is difficult to read and understand. Teachers are afraid of teaching and students are afraid of learning. Therefore，primary school Chinese teachers need to make a breakthrough in the teaching of ancient poetry and prose，and make some changes，so that students can really accumulate effective methods of learning ancient poetry and prose in the classroom，which is what primary school Chinese teachers need to explore. Starting from the five steps of "interest"，"reading"，"interpretation"，"comprehension" and "guidance"，this paper summarizes the good methods in the learning of small ancient Chinese prose，effectively solves the common puzzles of Chinese teachers in teaching classical Chinese，stimulates primary school students' interest in learning classical Chinese，and lays a good foundation for the future learning of a large number of classical Chinese！

【Keywords】Primary school Chinese;Xiaoguwen;Five step method

1.什么是“趣”、“读”、“解”、“悟”、“引”五步法

“趣”指先激发学生学习文言文的兴趣，兴趣是孩子最好的老师，文言文难学难懂。首先从形式上讲，让学生就产生了一种心理负担，所以一开始激发孩子对文言文学习的兴趣是要放在第一位的。

“读”和“解”指通过诵读和理解来学习文言文的意思，书读百遍，其义自现。文言文在学习中最大的难点在于读不懂，不明白其中的意思。所以读和解就是文言文学习的第二重要环节。通过多种形式的读，让学生大概弄清楚文章的意思，再结合注释去理解重要的词语和句子的意思，然后串讲出文言文文本的意思。就能帮助学生理解文章，从而提高学习的效率。

“悟”是通过老师的引导悟出文言文所表达的意义，或者领悟文中的道理，或者领悟文中表达的情感态度价值观，文言文是我们中华民族文化的精髓，只是学懂文章的意思是远远达不到文言文所代表的文化价值的。……