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1例房颤伴十二指肠腺癌术后老年患者长期服用华法林出血的病例分析

2021-04-06李蕊李晓云

上海医药 2021年5期
关键词:老年

李蕊 李晓云

摘 要 目的:通过分析1例老年心房颤动合并十二指肠腺癌术后长期口服华法林致出血的病例,提高临床诊断和对抗凝过程中出血风险的认识。方法:描述患者的整个疗程,根据患者的基本情况、既往史、现病史、相关实验室检查及治疗过程分析出血原因。结果:注射维生素K1 后,凝血功能恢复正常,判断出血为长期不规律使用华法林所致。结论:老年患者在长期抗凝过程中应定期监测INR,注意年龄、疾病、药物相互作用等因素对华法林疗效的影响。

关键词 抗凝 华法林 老年 INR 出血

中图分类号:R973.2; R969.3 文献标志码:C 文章编号:1006-1533(2021)05-0060-04

Analysis of a case of bleeding caused by long-term irregularly oral warfarin in an elderly with atrial fibrillation and post operation of duodenal adenocarcinoma

LI Rui1*, LI Xiaoyun2**(1. Department of Pharmacy, Jiangqiao Hospital of Jiading District, Shanghai 201803, China; 2. Department of Pharmacy,

Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chunan County, Zhejiang Chunan 311700, China)

ABSTRACT Objective: To improve the clinical diagnosis and the recognition of bleeding risk in the anticoagulant process by analysis of a case of bleeding caused by long-term irregularly oral warfarin in an elderly patient with atrial fibrillation and post operation of duodenal adenocarcinoma. Methods: The patients entire course therapy was described and the cause of bleeding was analyzed based on her basic condition, previous history, present medical history, relevant laboratory examination and treatment process. Results: After injecting vitamin K1, her coagulation function returned to normal, judging that the bleeding was caused by long-term irregular administration of warfarin. Conclusion: Elderly patients should regularly monitor INR and pay attention to the effects of age, disease, drug interaction and other factors on the efficacy of warfarin during the long-term anticoagulation process.

KEY WORDS anticoagulation; warfarin; elderly; INR; bleeding

心房纖颤(atrial fibrillation,AF)[1]是临床上最普遍的心律失常之一,其患病率及发病率均随年龄增长逐步增加。心房颤动增加缺血性脑卒中及体循环动脉栓塞的风险,导致患者死亡的主要原因为进行性心力衰竭、心脏骤停及脑卒中[2]。华法林是房颤脑卒中预防及治疗的有效药物,通过在体内竞争性抑制维生素K依赖性凝血因子Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ的合成而发挥抗凝血作用,其最佳抗凝强度国际标准化比值(INR)为2.0~3.0,能有效预防脑卒中事件,治疗范围内的时间(TTR)>65%的疗效最佳。但华法林的药代动力学易受年龄、饮食、药物、疾病等因素影响。INR<2.0,出血并发症少,预防卒中作用弱;INR>4.0,出血并发症增多[3]。故需要长期监测INR。本研究通过对一例房颤伴十二指肠腺癌术后长期不规律服用华法林患者因外伤致严重出血的病例进行分析,探讨其出血的原因,并在治疗期间实施药学监护,保障患者用药安全。

1 病例资料

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