孙百亮

摘   要： 近年來我国农村生态环境治理取得了很大的成就，从陕西省的治理实践来看，我国农村仍存在生活污染、种植业污染、养殖业污染、工业污染等问题;从总体看，当前农村生态环境治理进展不平衡、长效机制不健全、推进速度有待提升、农民生态环境治理的参与度不高。导致上述问题的主要原因是农村生态环境治理中的政府职能不足，农民环保意识不强、生产生活习惯改进难，资金投入不足，环境管理体系不健全，宣传力度不够。根据陕西农村生态环境治理的现状，推动农村生态环境治理机制创新，构建党委领导、政府主导、社会协同、公众参与的协同治理机制，是实现农村生态环境善治的有效途径。

关键词： 农村; 生态环境; 治理

中图分类号：X22                文献标识码：  A             DOI：10.13411/j.cnki.sxsx.2021.01.008

Abstract： In recent years， Chinas rural ecological environment governance has made great achievements， From the governance practice of Shaanxi Province， Chinas rural areas still have the problems， such as domestic pollution， planting pollution， aquaculture pollution， industrial pollution， etc. On the whole ，the progress of rural ecological environment governance is unbalanced; the long-term mechanism is not perfect; the promotion speed needs to be improved; and the participation of farmers in ecological environment governance is not high. The main reasons for the above problems are the lack of government functions in the rural ecological environment governance， the farmers environmental awareness is not strong， the improvement of production and living habits is difficult， the capital investment is insufficient， the environmental management system is not perfect， and the propaganda is not enough. According to the current situation of rural ecological environment governance in Shaanxi Province， it is an effective way to promote the innovation of rural ecological environment governance mechanism and build a collaborative governance mechanism with Party committee leadership， government-leading， social collaboration and public participation.

Key words： rural areas; ecological environment; governance

党的十九大提出要把中国农村建成生态宜居、治理有效的现代化农村。农村生态环境治理是农村治理的重要内容。近年来，陕西省在推进农村生态环境治理方面卓有成效，但仍存在许多问题。“建设现代的生态治理体制，推进生态治理的现代化是建设高度发达的生态文明的必由之路。”[1]自2017年来，本研究的课题组成员多次对陕西各地农村生态环境治理进行调研，分析和探讨陕西农村生态环境治理存在的问题和策略，推动陕西农村生态治理现代化。

一、陕西农村生态环境污染与治理存在的问题

（一）农村生态环境污染问题

1. 生活污染。2016年陕西农村污水处理率、生活垃圾收集率、农村卫生改厕普及率分别达到18.22%、59.52%、68.28%[2]。……