唐伟玲 吕承文

摘   要： 政府责任立法是一项关于政府公共权力制约及其行使边界规范的政治活动，除了宪法及相关政治法的实体性条款之外，大多数政府责任立法多应表现为程序性法案。然而，在现实中政府责任与公共权力相伴生的规律退化为法律对权责规定模糊的立法困境。在关于政府责任的立法过程中，立法语言技术滞后性问题造成了当下法律条款难以明确权责之间的界限，结果衍生出政府责任实现与追究的难题，这不利于法治政府建设。若要实现政府责任的法律控制，亟须提高立法语言技术水平，促进政府责任法律體系的统一，并加大程序性法案在政府责任立法中的比重。

关键词： 政府责任; 立法困境; 法律控制; 法治政府

中图分类号： D921.1               文献标识码：  A             DOI：10.13411/j.cnki.sxsx.2021.01.017

Abstract： Government responsibility legislation is a political activity about the restriction of government public power and the exercise of boundary norms. In addition to the substantive provisions of the Constitution and related political laws， most government responsibility legislation should be manifested as procedural bills. However， in reality， the law of government responsibility and public power degenerates into the legislative dilemma of vague regulation of power and responsibility. In the legislative process of government responsibility， the lag of legislative language technology causes the current legal provisions to be difficult to clarify the boundaries between power and responsibility， and the result is the difficult problem of realizing and investigating government responsibility， which is extremely unfavorable to the construction of government ruled by law. In order to realize the legal control of government responsibility， it is urgent to improve the technical level of legislative language， promote the unification of the legal system of government responsibility， and increase the proportion of procedural bill in the legislation of government responsibility.

Key words： government responsibility; legislative dilemma; legal control; rule of law government

2020年11月，习近平在中央全面依法治国工作会议上指出，“推进全面依法治国是国家治理的一场深刻变革，必须以科学理论为指导，加强理论思维，不断从理论和实践的结合上取得新成果，总结好、运用好党关于新时代加强法治建设的思想理论成果，更好指导全面依法治国各项工作”。推进全面依法治国首要处理好的工作是政府权力与政府责任之间的关系，大力加强法治政府建设。政府权力多是指政府允许的范围，区别于此，政府责任则是政府禁止的范围。而且，在法理上，政府责任通常被认为是与政府公共权力相伴生的政治制度事物及现象。法治的规律是公法中的权力与责任必须实现辩证统一。……