徐璇 顾娟 贾朦朦 邢丽华

基金项目：2021年度盐城市政府社会科学基金项目《积极老龄化视角下盐城市农村互助养老模式优化策略研究》（项目编号：21skC120）。

作者简介：徐璇（1989—），女，硕士，研究方向为社会医学与卫生事业管理。

摘要：目的  了解盐城市农村老年人养老需求及互助养老模式的发展现状，从需求角度研究如何优化互助养老模式。方法  收集盐城市农村互助养老模式现状资料，分析其发展过程中出现的问题及成因。采用自行设计的调查问卷，随机抽取农村老年人进行养老服务需求问卷调查。结果  71.04%的农村老年人对目前的养老情况持比较满意或很满意的态度;82.43%的农村老年人期望的养老方式为居家养老;互助养老服务知晓率较低，只有28.57%的老年人能了解互助养老的具体内涵;需求方面，老年人对医疗保健的需求最高占75.29%，其次为生活照料占67.57%，再其次为文化娱乐占56.37%，而对助餐、配餐、精神慰藉的需求相对较低。结论  该研究建议从4个方面着手优化盐城市农村互助养老服务模式：宣传推广，转变养老观念;聚焦需求，提升服务质量;社会参与，构建多元供给;培养人才，打造优质队伍。

关键词： 需求导向  养老需求  互助养老  策略研究

中图分类号：G71           文献标识码：A           文章编号：1672-3791（2021）12（b）-0000-00

Abstract： Objective To understand the pension needs of rural elderly in Yancheng City and the development status of mutual pension model， and study how to optimize the mutual pension model from the perspective of demand. Methods  The current situation data of rural mutual aid pension model in Yancheng City were collected， and the problems and causes in its development were analyzed. Using a self-designed questionnaire， the rural elderly were randomly selected to conduct a questionnaire survey on the demand for elderly care services. Results  71.04% of the rural elderly were satisfied or very satisfied with the current pension situation; 82.43% of the rural elderly expected home-based elderly care; The awareness rate of mutual pension service is low， and only 28.57% of the elderly can understand the specific connotation of mutual pension; In terms of demand， the elderly have the highest demand for medical care， accounting for 75.29%， followed by life care， accounting for 67.57%， followed by culture and entertainment， accounting for 56.37%， while the demand for meal assistance， catering and spiritual comfort is relatively low. Suggestions  This study suggests changing the concept of old-age care from publicity and promotion; Focus on demand and improve service quality; Social participation and the construction of diversified supply; Training talents and building a high-quality team to optimize the rural mutual aid elderly care service mode in Yancheng City.

Key Words： Demand orientation; Pension needs; Mutual pension; Operational research

《江蘇省老龄事业发展报告（2021年）》显示，江苏省60岁及以上常住老年人口占总人口比例为21.84%，高于全国3.14个百分点，位居全国第六位;其中，65岁及以上常住老年人口占总人口比例为16.20%，高于全国2.7个百分点位，位居全国第五位。……