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海口市域传统村落空间形态研究

2021-02-18王铭怡付晖许先升

广东园林 2021年6期

王铭怡 付晖 许先升

摘要:在科學合理的村庄规划中,如何因地制宜地保护与发展传统村落是亟待解决的问题。选取海口市15个国家级传统村落作为研究对象,在获取村落的形态、规模,以及村落所处的高程、坡度、水系、道路和兴趣点等数据后,基于GIS构建村落形态属性数据库。通过分析传统村落的形态类型,归纳出不同类型村落的形态特征与自然地理因素和社会经济因素之间的关系。最后将海口市传统村落的定位分为3种:基础设施完善且资源丰富,基础设施完善而资源欠佳,以及基础设施不完善但资源丰富。并探讨三者差异化的保护与开发策略。

关键词:GIS空间分析;传统村落;空间形态;海口市

中图分类号:TU986

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1671-2641(2021)06-0017-05

收稿日期:2021-05-19

修回日期:2021-07-15

Abstract: In scientific and rational village planning, how to protect and develop traditional villages according to local conditions is an urgent problem to be solved. In this study, 15 national traditional villages in Haikou City are selected as research objects. After obtaining the morphology and scale of the villages, ae well as the elevation, slope, water system, road and point of interest, a village morphological attribute database is constructed based on GIS. By analyzing the morphological types of traditional villages, the relationship between the morphological characteristics of different types of villages and physical geographical factors and socio-economic factors is summarized. Finally, the positioning of traditional villages in Haikou City is divided into three types: having perfect infrastructure and abundant resources, perfect infrastructure but poor resources, and imperfect infrastructure but and rich resources. And the study discusses the differentiated protection and development strategies of the three.

Key words: Spatial analysis based on GIS; Traditional villages; Spatial form; Haikou City

我国传统村落的概念源于古村落,2012年召开的传统村落保护和发展专家委员会第一次会议中将“古村落”改为“传统村落”,用于强调其文明价值和传承意义[1]。近年来随着GIS等技术方法的引入,传统村落的研究不断深入,内容集中在3个方面:传统村落空间分布与影响因素[2]、传统村落数字化空间规划[3]以及传统村落空间保护数据库[4]。但随着乡村振兴战略的推进,国内的传统村落依旧存在着规划建设不合理、自然和人文环境被破坏等一系列问题[5]。促进传统村落的良性发展,需要协调好人与自然环境的关系,努力改善人居环境,优化人地关系,促进人居环境与生态的协同发展[6]。而在海南的传统村落保护与发展研究中,诸多学者从村落的选址、规模、历史变迁和空间形态等方面,对海南传统村落空间进行了分析[7~9]。……

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