林广臻 林广思 黎淑翎

摘要：我国古代州府城市近郊有着大量的湖泊分布。这些湖泊最初作为城市水利灌溉功能，经由历代不间断的风景营治，从而转化为今天的公共风景空间。古代福州西湖的历史发展，很好说明了这个复合风景建设的转化过程。研究此类风景公共性的研究，应当从公共管治和公共营造两个角度出发，探讨其营治过程中的具体内容。通过针对南宋赵汝愚营治福州西湖的缘起、程序、内容、管理机制的归纳，探讨其营治过程中的政治策略和手段。进而认为此类古代城湖的营治，在形式上包含着公共风景的建构内容。亦指出，这种公共风景和现代意义上的公共风景存在着实质的差别。

关键词：州府城市;赵汝愚;福州西湖;公共性;古典公共园林

中图分类号：TU986

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1671-2641（2021）06-0032-05

收稿日期：2020-09-21

修回日期：2021-02-22;2021-05-26

Abstract：  A large number of lakes located around state capitals in ancient China. These lakes were initially used for the water and irrigation of the cities， the landscape of which has been constantly developed and shifted to today’s public scenery places. The ancient development history of Fuzhou West Lake perfectly demonstrates the shift process of this complex landscape development. The research of the publicity of this kind of landscape should be based on two perspectives， public governance and public construction， and discuss the specific content of its construction process. Through analyzing the origins， process， elements and management mechanism of the development of Fuzhou West Lake by Zhao Ruyu in Southern Song Dynasty， this paper analyzes the political strategies and methods of the development. Further， it implies that the development of these city lakes， including Fuzhou West Lake， contains public landscape development in form， which is substantially different from the meaning of modern public landscape.

Key words： State capital; Zhao Ruyu; Fuzhou West Lake; Publicity; Classic public gardens

“凿开百顷碧融融，颍上钱塘约略同”是南宋名相莆田人陈俊卿《题闽县西湖》[1]中的一句，诗人认为福州西湖的风光可媲美颍州西湖、杭州西湖。如今的福州西湖作为福州保留最完整的一座古典园林，被誉为“福建园林明珠”[2]。

福州西湖始建于东晋时期，至今有1 700多年的历史，始于福州太守严高凿湖以灌溉福州城周边农田。五代十国的闽国时期，闽王王审知修筑福州城池，在福州西湖旁取土筑城，连通了福州西湖和南湖。王审知次子王延鈞（？-935年）弑兄夺权后，“辟福州西湖为御苑”[3]，建水晶宫，在西湖周边营造亭、台、楼、榭等风景建筑。……