摘要：清代山水名园“海山仙馆”座落于广州城西的珠江滨岸滩涂，在前人营建的旧园基础上，为“住世瀛壶”之迁想，因借自然人文綜合地宜，融合“畅朗轻盈”“经世致用”的地方风格。前辈学者对其多有撰文研讨。基于清代夏銮1848年绘成的《海山仙馆图卷》，辅以相关典籍史料、外国译著、影像资料，对海山仙馆选址立意、相地造境、海山胜景意象进行解析，立足中国传统“文人自然写意山水园林”的理法特色，探寻海山仙馆山水景物表“意”成“象”之根源。

关键词：海山仙馆;历史名园;山水景象探源;晚清广州

中图分类号：TU986

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1671-2641（2021）06-0002-05

收稿日期：2021-11-14

修回日期：2021-11-24

Abstract： Located on the marshland of the Pearl River in the west of Guangzhou， Immortal Guesthouse on the Sea and Hill-Island which was built in the late Qing Dynasty， is known as one of the most famous Lingnan historic gardens. Built on the basis of previous garden， it takes the “Fairyland on the sea” as the artistic conception and realm. Due to a comprehensive use of natural and cultural resources， it integrates traditional literati freehand landscape garden with local style. Previous scholars have done a lot of research on it. The research materials of this paper include the painting by Xia Luan in 1848， and other relevant historical materials， foreign translations， image materials. Based on characteristics of Chinese traditional “literati natural freehand landscape garden”， the location choice and the ways to generate design concepts and create fairyland images are analyzed， while the root causes of these scenes are also explored.

Key words： Immortal Guesthouse on the Sea and Hill-Island; Historic garden; Artistic conception and image; Guangzhou in the late Qing Dynasty

海山仙馆（1830—1873年）座落于广州城西的珠江滨岸滩涂，号称“岭南文化地标”，从清代夏銮①于1848年绘成的《海山仙馆图卷》中可一窥其核心景区全貌。

针对海山仙馆个案的研究含纳园址考证、存续时间、主要景物、园林风格等方面，专家学者多有撰文研讨，其中广州市荔湾区文化局、广州美术馆合编的《海山仙馆，名园拾萃》[1]，对发生在园内的重要文化活动与文字记录进行了发掘整理，收录许多珍贵影像;华南理工大学陆琦[2]对其园林布局、园内主要建筑物、审美特点进行了剖析;陈泽泓[3]考证了海山仙馆存续的时间，又根据清代同治年间的《广州府志》确定了其空间范围，为海山仙馆的后续研究确定了时空坐标;广州大学杨宏烈[4]、华南农业大学高伟等[5]进行了大量基础研究，进一步推动名园景象复原工作，并深刻影响本文。……