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河北省杂粮生产现状及生产布局展望

2021-02-03刘猛刘斐赵宇夏雪岩李顺国

农学学报 2021年3期
关键词:现状生产

刘猛 刘斐 赵宇 夏雪岩 李顺国

摘要:河北省是杂粮生产大省,且种类繁多。为稳定河北省杂粮生产发展,进一步调整河北省种植业结构提供参考依据,本文总结了河北省杂粮的历史生产现状,包括面积、单产、总产以及河北省各地市杂粮的分布,试图探索杂粮的生产布局与趋势,同时针对河北省杂粮历史单产水平变化趋势,分析了造成单产变化的成因,并简单提出建议。最后提出河北省杂粮生产布局的展望,将河北省杂粮生产区域布局划分为优势主产区、战略提升区、稳步发展区三个功能区。

关键词:杂粮;生产;布局;现状;河北省

中图分类号:S-1文献标志码:A论文编号:cjas20200300040

Miscellaneous Grain in Hebei Province: Production Status and Production Layout Outlook

Liu Meng, Liu Fei, Zhao Yu, Xia Xueyan, Li Shunguo

(Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/National Millet Improvement Center/

Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050035, Hebei, China)

Abstract: Hebei Province is the major producer of miscellaneous grains and has a wide range of varieties. In order to stabilize the development of grain production in Hebei and further adjust the planting industry structure, this paper summarizes the historical production status of miscellaneous grains in Hebei, including the area, yield per unit area, total yield and the production distribution in various cities of Hebei. This paper attempts to explore the production layout and trend of miscellaneous grains. At the same time, according to the historical change trend of yield per unit area in Hebei, the causes of yield per unit area change were analyzed, and some suggestions were put forward. Finally, the prospect of the distribution of miscellaneous grain production in Hebei is discussed, and the distribution of miscellaneous grain production in Hebei is divided into three functional areas: the dominant main producing area, the strategic promotion area and the steadily developing area.

Keywords: Miscellaneous Grain; Production; Layout; Current Situation; Hebei Province

0引言

杂粮泛指生育期短、地域性强、种植规模小,有特殊用途的小宗粮豆作物,中国素有“小杂粮王国”之称[1-2],同时是多种小杂粮的起源中心和主产地[3-4]。杂粮主要分布在中国东北、华北、西北和西南等干旱、半干旱地区和高寒山区[5-8]。杂粮具有抗旱耐瘠、适应性强的特点,以及生态效益和经济效益并存、品质好等优势,适当发展杂粮种植对于合理利用农业资源、维持食物多样性以及提高农民收益具有重要作用[9-10]。杂粮多分布在不发达的地区,污染源少故安全性好,成本低故相对效益较好,是干旱、半干旱地区的重要农作物。河北省由于地形地貌复杂,高山、高原、丘陵、平原等地形均存在,因此杂粮的种类非常多[11-13],包括谷子、糜子、豇豆、蚕豆、绿豆、高粱[14-15]、芸豆、豌豆、紅小豆、饭豆、爬山豆、鹰嘴豆、荞麦、大麦、燕麦、甘薯、马铃薯,归纳起来基本上为豆、麦、粟、薯四大类。……

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