肖健 刘慧 郑福维 帅细强 刘松

摘要：为了确定不同海拔保靖黄金茶品质与气象因子之间的关系，本研究采用相关分析方法，建立了保靖黄金茶茶多酚含量和氨基酸含量计算模型。结果表明：保靖黄金茶茶多酚与采摘前的平均气温、气温日较差负相关，与累积降雨量正相关。最大影响时段与气象因子為采摘前14～22天的平均气温、采摘前16～24天的气温日较差、采摘前4～27天的累积降雨量。氨基酸含量与采摘前的平均气温、气温日较差、累积降雨量正相关。最大影响时段及相关因子为采摘前18～28天的平均气温、采摘前9～14天的气温日较差、采摘前12～23天的累积降雨量。经模型计算，2019年360 m处保靖黄金茶酚氨比与实际测定值比较接近，误差在10%以内。该模型可用于保靖黄金茶品质气象条件评价。

关键词：保靖黄金茶；茶叶品质；气象因子；海拔

中图分类号：S571.1文献标志码：A稿件编号：cjas2020-0077

Meteorological Factors of Quality Formation of Baojing Gold Tea at Different Altitudes： A Preliminary Study

Xiao Jian1，2， Liu Hui1， Zheng Fuwei3， Shuai Xiqiang4， Liu Song1

（1Hengyang Meteorological Bureau， Hengyang 421000， Hunan， China；2Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation， Changsha 410118， Hunan， China；3Xiangxi Meteorological Bureau， Jishou 416000， Hunan， China；4Hunan Institute of Meteorological Science， Changsha 410118， Hunan， China）

Abstract： To determine the relationship between the quality of Baojing gold tea at different altitudes and meteorological factors， this paper established a calculation model for the polyphenol content and amino acid content of Baojing gold tea by applying correlation analysis. The results show that： tea polyphenols of Baojing gold tea are negatively correlated with the average temperature and daily temperature range before picking， and positively correlated with the accumulated rainfall. The most influential period and meteorological factors are the average temperature of 14-22 days before picking， the daily temperature range of 16-24 days before picking， and the accumulated rainfall of 4-27 days before picking. Amino acid content is positively correlated with average temperature， daily temperature range and accumulated rainfall. The most influential period and related factors are the average temperature of 18-28 days before picking， the daily temperature range of 9-14 days before picking， and the accumulated rainfall of 12- 23 days before picking. According to the model calculation， the phenol ammonia ratio of Baojing gold tea at 360 m in 2019 is close to the actual measured value， and the error is within 10%. The model can be used to evaluate the meteorological conditions of Baojing gold tea quality.

Keywords： Baojing Gold Tea； Tea Quality； Meteorological Factor； Altitudes

0引言

“保靖黄金茶”产于湘西北武陵山区的保靖县，地处茶叶生产“黄金纬度带”[1]，是明清以来的“一两黄金一两茶”知名贡茶，被誉为中国最好的绿茶。该茶发芽早，产量高，抗逆性强，具有“绿、香、浓、爽”特性，是重要的县域优势特色产业[2-3]。目前，黄金村茶园面积22000 hm2，人均茶园面积6 hm2，2019年实现产值5000多万元，茶叶扶贫已成为该村精准扶贫的主要内容。因此，加强保靖黄金茶气象条件的研究非常重要。

保靖县气候温润，多年平均气温为16.2℃，年降雨量为1316.7 mm，年日照时数为1093 h，全年无霜期为290天，平均相对湿度77.9%。最冷月（1月）平均气温为4.8℃，最热月（7月）平均气温为26.8℃。……