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福建烟区烟蚜种群生长繁殖的适合寄主筛选

2021-02-03顾钢赖荣泉周挺白晶晶吴晓婷

农学学报 2021年3期

顾钢 赖荣泉 周挺 白晶晶 吴晓婷

摘要:为了筛选出较适合福建烟区烟蚜生长繁殖的寄主植物,更好地扩大烟蚜及烟蚜茧蜂规模化繁殖,提高防控效果。本试验以茄子、油菜、白萝卜、小白菜、豇豆、‘红花大金元’、‘K326’等为材料,用盆栽法测得烟蚜及烟蚜茧蜂寄生率。结果表明:小白菜和油菜上烟蚜种群数量相对较高,其分别为129.07头/株(2012年)、109.14头/株(2017年),110.79头/株(2012年)、99.82头/株(2017年)。豇豆上烟蚜的数量较低,为0.27头/株和1.23头/株。小白菜与油菜上烟蚜数量间无明显差异。接烟蚜茧蜂后7天、15天后有差异,但第30天时其寄生率均达到98%以上,无明显差异。因此,小白菜及油菜是福建省烟区烟蚜种群生长繁殖较适合的寄主植物。

关键词:福建烟区;烟蚜;烟蚜茧蜂;生长繁殖;寄生效果;寄主植物

中图分类号:S435.72文献标志码:A论文编号:cjas20190500035

Host Suitable for Myzus persicae (Sulzer) Population Growth and Reproduction: Selection in Fujian Tobacco Area

Gu Gang1, Lai Rongquan2,3, Zhou Ting1, Bai Jingjing2,3, Wu Xiaoting2,3

(1Fujian Institute of Tobacco Science, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China;2College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and

Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China;3State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China)

Abstract: The aims are to select the host suitable for Myzus persicae growth and reproduction in Fujian tobacco area, enlarge the reproduction of Myzus persicae and Aphidius gifuensis, and improve the control effect. The eggplant, oilseed rape, white radish, Chinese cabbage, cowpea,‘Honghuadajinyuan’and‘K326’were used as materials. The parasitism rates of Myzus persicae and Aphidius gifuensis were detected by pot-culture method. The results showed that the number of M. persicae population in Chinese cabbage and oilseed rape was relatively high, the number in Chinese cabbage was respectively 129.07 (2012) and 109.14 (2017) individuals per plant, and the number in oilseed rape was respectively 110.79 (2012), 99.82 (2017) individuals per plant. The number of M. persicae in cowpea was relatively low, which was 0.27 (2012) and 1.23 (2017) individuals per plant, respectively. The number of M. persicae in Chinese cabbage and oilseed rape had no obvious difference. There were differences after infecting A. gifuensis 7 days and 15 days, but the parasitism rate reached more than 98% after infecting A. gifuensis 30 days and the difference was not obvious. Thus, Chinese cabbage and oilseed rape are the suitable hosts for Myzus persicae growth and reproduction in Fujian tobacco area.

Keywords: Tobacco District of Fujian; Myzus persicae; Aphidius gifuensis; Growth and Reproduction; Parasitic Effect; Host Plant

0引言

煙草病虫害是影响烟叶生产可持续发展的一个重要因素[1]。特别在中国南方烟区,除了烟草根茎病害,如烟草青枯病(Ralstonia solanacearum)外[2],烟草花叶病即普通花叶病(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)、黄瓜花叶病(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)、马铃薯Y病毒病(Potato virus Y,PVY)等是另一类严重影响烟叶产质量的重要病害。近年来,该类病害正有逐渐加重要危害的趋势,是生产中亟待解决的重要问题之一[3-5]。而黄瓜花叶病、马铃薯Y病毒病等病毒病害主要通过烟蚜的剌吸危害进行传播,对该类病害的发生、危害具有重要作用[6]。在防治上,除了针对烟草花叶病本身使用一些药剂和预防外[7-9],更为重要的是控制或减少这类病害主要虫媒——烟蚜[Myzus persicae (Sulzer)]的数量和为害[10- 14]。而采用烟蚜茧蜂(Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead)防治烟蚜的生物防治技术是一种绿色、生态、环保和的控制措施,目前正在中国各烟区推进使用。……

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