王维 郑曙峰 徐道青 刘小玲 阚画春 陈敏 李淑英 路献勇 程福如 路曦结

摘要：棉花是国内重要的经济作物和纺织工业原料，是事关国计民生的重要战略物资，但棉花生产机械化程度低，现代植棉业发展缓慢，特别是黄河流域和长江流域棉区，一家一户的棉花种植规模小、效率低。近年来，国内农用无人机产业快速发展，农用无人机技术是发展智慧农业的有效保障手段之一，它为棉花产业向机械化、智能化升级提供了一定的技术支撑。通过对农用无人机应用发展现状，及其在棉花病虫草害防控、化学调控、脱叶催熟等田间管理应用情况进行概述，提出了当前面临的主要问题和发展展望，以期为推动国内棉田无人机技术的发展和应用提供依据。

关键词：棉花；无人机；田间管理；应用进展

中图分类号：S561文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas20200200023

Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle （UAV） in Cotton Field Cultivation Management

Wang Wei1， Zheng Shufeng1， Xu Daoqing1， Liu Xiaoling1， Kan Huachun1， Chen Min1， Li Shuying1， Lu Xianyong1， Cheng Furu1， Lu Xijie2

（1Cotton Research Institute， Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences/

Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Hybrid Cotton， Hefei 230031， Anhui， China；

2Agricultural Engineering Research Institute， Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Hefei 230031， Anhui， China）

Abstract： Cotton is an important cash crop and raw material for the textile industry in China， and it is the strategic material related to national economy and people’s livelihood. However， the mechanization degree of cotton production is relatively low in China and the modernization of cotton industry is still at a slow pace. Small scale cotton planting by households， which is common in the Yellow River Valley and the Yangtze River Valley cotton area， is inefficient. In recent years， as the agricultural UAV industry has developed rapidly in China， agricultural UAV technology can be used as an effective tool to promote the development of intelligent agriculture， and can also provide technical support to the upgrading of mechanization and intelligence of cotton industry. In this study， the present application status of agricultural UAV， particularly its application in field management of cotton pest control， chemical regulation， and chemical accelerated boll maturation and defoliation were summarized. In addition， main problems and development prospects of agricultural UAV were discussed， to provide certain references for the development and application of UAV technology in cotton production in China.

Keywords： Cotton； Unmanned Aerial Vehicle （UAV）； Field Cultivation Management； Application Development

0引言

棉花既是人們的衣着之源，又是关系国计民生的重要物资，在整个国民经济中占有非常重要的位置，稳定棉花生产，坚持可持续发展，是确保国家棉花安全的需求，也是促进社会、经济协调发展的需求[1]。然而，近年来国内棉花种植用工多、投入大、效益低的问题凸显，成为棉花生产可持续发展和原棉竞争力提高的重要阻碍[2]，特别是在长江流域和黄河流域棉区，棉花种植以小农户为主，棉田规模小、零星分散，品种多、乱、杂和栽培管理技术水平参差不齐，棉花生产管理主要依靠人工、机械化程度低，棉花施肥、打药以及化学调控等田间管理措施效率较低。……