张弛

摘要：使用化学肥料和化学农药能增加总产提高单产，但会影响农产品安全和生态环境的保护，为解决这一问题，通过创新农业运行机制发展生物农业科技加快农业转型升级，推进“高产、优质、高效、生态、安全”农业的发展。泰州市三安河横有机农产品专业合作社进行了大量的研究，10多年来采用生物技术累计种植水稻2670 hm2，国家权威机构对成熟期作物进行了超过200项化残和污染物现场抽样检测，水稻质量达到“零农业化学残留和低污染物限量”的GB/T 19630—2019标准。实践证明生物农业集成技术，既可获得相当于化学生产方式的产量，又可以生产出安全农产品，同时还能保护生态环境、增加农民收入，提高农业效益，最终实现“优质、高产、高效、生态、安全”农业的综合目标。

关键词：农业；创新；运行机制；生物农业；农业专业合作社

中图分类号：S-3文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas2020-0163

The Theory and Practice of Promoting the Transformation of Agricultural Industry through Biotechnology： The Development of "High Yield， High Quality， High Efficiency， Ecology and Safety" Agriculture in Taizhou

Zhang Chi

（Taizhou Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Taizhou 225300， Jiangsu， China）

Abstract： In agricultural production， the use of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides can increase the total yield and the yield per unit area， but affect the safety of agricultural products and the protection of ecological environment. In order to solve this problem， the agricultural operation mechanism should be innovated， to develop biological agricultural technology， accelerate the transformation and upgrading of agriculture， and promote the agricultural development with the characteristics of“high yield， high quality， high efficiency， ecology and safety”. Taizhou San’an Heheng Organic Agricultural Products Professional Cooperative has carried out a great deal of research on this subject in the past 10 years， using biological technology to cultivate 2670 hm2of rice. The national authorities have conducted tests on more than 200 items of chemical residues and pollutants in the mature crops produced by the cooperative， and the rice quality has reached the GB/T 19630 standard of Zero Agricultural Chemical Residue and Low Pollutant Limit. The practice of San’an Heheng Organic Agricultural Products Professional Cooperative has proved that the integrated technology of biological agriculture can not only obtain the rice output equivalent to chemical production mode， but also produce safe agricultural products. At the same time， it can protect the ecological environment， increase farmers’income， improve agricultural efficiency， and finally realize the goal of "high quality， high yield， high efficiency， ecology and safety" in agriculture.

Keywords： Agriculture； Innovation； Operation Mechanism； Biological Agriculture； Agricultural Products Professional Cooperative

0引言

農业增产、农民增收、农产品安全、生态环境保护始终是农业的根本问题，相互间矛盾也比较突出[1-2]。14亿人口的供给，可耕地面积的减少，要依靠化学肥料和化学农药的使用才能增加总产提高单产，但又影响农产品安全和生态环境的保护[3-4]。如何解决这一问题？农业农村部在2020年农业农村绿色发展工作要点中明确提出：持续推进化肥减量增效、持续推进农药减量控害。在农业生产科技的现代化发展中，人们将各种不同学科领域的理论、技术、方法、工具和设备应用在农业生产中，形成了众多关于农业形态的概念[5]，从投入品角度看应该是化学农业、有机农业、生物农业三大类是最具代表性。……