杜佳岷 冯骞 叶小川 陆繁鹏 操家顺 郑笛

摘要：农村生活用水特征是测算农村生活污染负荷、设计农村污水处理工程的重要依据。以江苏省宜兴市丁蜀镇方钱村为例，采用实地走访和问卷调查的方式，对江苏太湖地区农村生活用水特征进行研究，并分析其影响因素。结果表明，该地区生活用水主要来源为自来水，约占整个生活用水量的77%，自来水的人均用水量为84.7 L/d。随季节变化和温度的增加，盥洗、洗衣用水量显著增加，厨房用水量变化不大，但冲厕用水量明显降低。当地居民使用洗衣、盥洗排出的杂排水冲厕的习惯，有效减少了冲厕用的自来水量。随着农村居民受教育程度和经济水平的提高，卫生习惯不断改善，自来水用量也逐渐增加。户均年收入5万～20万元，自来水用量对经济水平的刺激不敏感。25～40岁的人群，经济能力和卫生观念强，用水量明显高于其他年龄层的农村居民。

关键词：用水特征；农村；生活用水；影响因素；太湖；自来水

中图分类号：X24文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas20200200028

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Domestic Water Consumption in Rural Area of Taihu Lake， Jiangsu： A Case Study of Fangqian Village， Dingshu Town， Yixing City

Du Jiamin1， Feng Qian1，2， Ye Xiaochuan1， Lu Fanpeng1， Cao Jiashun1，2， Zheng Di1，2

（1College of Environment， Hohai University， Nanjing 210098， Jiangsu， China； 2China Hohai Environment Research Institute， Nanjing 211500， Jiangsu， China）

Abstract： The characteristic of domestic water consumption is an important indicator for the calculation of pollution load and wastewater treatment design in rural area. Taking Fangqian village， Dingshu Town， Yixing City， Jiangsu Province as an example， the characteristics of domestic water consumption were investigated through field visits and questionnaires in rural areas of Taihu Lake. The influencing factors were analyzed as well. Results showed that the main water resource in the study area was tap water （84.7 L/d per person）， which accounted for 77% of the total water consumption. The consumption for laundry water increased significantly with seasonal change and temperature increase， in contrast， the flushing water consumption decreased obviously. The amount of water used in kitchen showed limited variation. The habit developed by the residents to reuse laundry water for flushing possibly explained this phenomenon. Higher education and income levels resulted in an improvement of hygienic habit， and tap water was widely used. Water consumption of residents with yearly earning at 50-200 thousand yuan was not so sensitive to the increment of living expenses. Water consumption of people aging from 25 to 40 was higher than that of other age groups because of a better economic condition and health concerns.

Keywords： Characteristics of Water Consumption； Rural Areas； Domestic Water； Influencing Factors； Taihu Lake； Tap Water

0引言

中国是个农业大国，农村水环境在生态文明建设中起着至关重要的作用[1-2]。十九大以来，在乡村振兴战略的指导下，很多地方按照产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕的總要求，积极推进农村人居环境整治。农村水污染治理基础设施不足、水环境质量持续恶化，仍然制约着农村的可持续发展[3-7]。农村饮水安全[8]和污水处理[9-10]是建设生态宜居村庄的重要内容，了解农村生活用水特征，明确生活用水量，不仅直接关系着农村安全饮水工程的设计和实施，还能准确测算农村污水的产生量和污染负荷，进而科学设计农村污水收集、处理工程。……