许钰莎 赵颖文

摘要：四川省作为全国13个粮食主产省之一，是西南地区唯一粮食主产省，测评粮食自给率、辨析粮食安全状况对于保障国家粮食安全供给和维护地区稳定具有重要作用。本文从粮食消费5个用途出发，测评了2000—2019年四川省粮食实际消费量及自给率状况。结果显示，粮食需求刚性增长趋势明显，其中人口及消费结构调整是主要因素；农民种粮积极性明显下降，其中比较收益不足是重要影响因素；产消结构性矛盾突出，其中工业用粮及饲料用粮短缺是结构性矛盾的主要方面。基于此，提出了加强耕地保护，持续推进高标准农田建设；提升农户种粮积极性，促进粮食适度规模化经营；适度调整品种结构，提升粮食供给质量的对策建议。

关键词：粮食安全；自给率；发展应对；四川

中图分类号：F327文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas2021-0047

The Situation of Food Self-supply and Development Countermeasures in Sichuan Province

Xu Yusha， Zhao Yingwen

（Agricultural Information and Rural Economy Institute， Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Chengdu 610066）

Abstract： As one of the 13 major grain producing provinces in the country and the only one in southwest China， measuring the self- sufficiency rate of grain and analyzing the status of grain security of Sichuan Province is significant to ensure national food security and maintain regional stability. Starting from the five purposes of grain consumption， this article measured the actual grain consumption and self-sufficiency rate of Sichuan Province from 2000 to 2019. The results show that the rigid growth trend of grain demand is obvious， among which， the adjustment of population and consumption structure is the main factor； the enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain has dropped significantly， and the lack of comparative income is an important factor； the structural contradiction between production and consumption is prominent， of which industrial grain and feed grain shortages are the main aspects. Based on the above analysis， this article suggests strengthening the protection of cultivated land and boosting the construction of high- standard farmland； enhancing the enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain and promoting moderately large- scale grain production management； appropriately adjusting the variety structure and improving the quality of grain supply.

Keywords： Food Security； Self-sufficiency Rate； Development Response； Sichuan Province

0引言

糧食关乎国运民生，粮食安全是维系社会稳定的“压舱石”，是国家安全的重要基础。四川省集农业大省、产粮大省与人口大省、粮食消费大省、粮食调入大省于一体，粮食安全在全国既具有典型性，也具有代表性。近年来，在一系列惠农支农政策的刺激下，四川省粮食产量稳步提升。粮食产量从1978年的2381.8万t，上升到2019年的3498.50万t，年均增速0.94%，人均粮食占有量从336.80 kg上升到384.47 kg。但与此同时，人口刚性增长及城镇化为粮食安全带来新要求、新形势，消费需求不断朝着富含蛋白质和动物性食物方向转型，加之劳动力不足、资源稀缺、生态脆弱与粮食需求刚性增长之间的矛盾日益突出，粮食安全问题日趋严峻。……