赵金龙 汪进欣 马力文

摘要：为合理利用气候资源，发挥气象为农服务作用，科学规划宁夏皮燕麦产业发展。利用宁夏中南部地区2017—2018年皮燕麦产量和气象数据，通过相关性分析方法确定宁夏皮燕麦种植气候适宜性区划指标，再根据宁夏23个地面气象站1981—2010年气候资料和地理信息数据模拟区划指标空间分布。综合各指标权重，通过栅格运算获得宁夏皮燕麦种植气候适宜性区划图。结果表明：宁夏皮燕麦种植气候适宜区主要分布在宁夏南部冷凉山区，次适宜区主要分布在宁夏中部干旱少雨地带，不适宜区主要分布在宁夏中北部黄河平原。本研究结果为合理规划宁夏皮燕麦产业布局，新品种引种和推广种植提供了科学依据。

关键词：皮燕麦；气候适宜性；区划；宁夏；GIS

中图分类号：S162.2文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas2020-0010

Climate Suitability Analysis of Oat Planting Based on GIS in Ningxia

Zhao Jinlong1，2， Wang Jinxin1，2， Ma Liwen1，2（1Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions， CMA， Yinchuan 750002； 2Ningxia Key Lab of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction， Yinchuan 750002）

Abstract： In order to make rational use of climate resources， give full play to the role of meteorology in serving agriculture， and scientifically plan the development of oat industry in Ningxia. Based on the production and meteorological data of oats in central and southern Ningxia from 2017 to 2018， the climatic suitability zoning index of oats was determined by correlation analysis method. According to the climate data and geographic information data of 23 surface meteorological stations in Ningxia from 1981 to 2010， the spatial distribution of zoning indexes was simulated. Based on the weight of each index， the climate suitability zoning map of oats was obtained by raster calculation. The results showed that the climate suitable area was mainly distributed in the cold mountain area in the south of Ningxia， the secondary suitable area was mainly distributed in the arid and rainless area in the middle of Ningxia， and the unsuitable area was mainly distributed in the Yellow River Plain in the middle and north of Ningxia. The study could provide a scientific basis for the rational planning of the industrial layout， introduction and popularization of new varieties of oats in Ningxia.

Keywords： Oat； Climate Suitability； Zoning； Ningxia； GIS

0引言

燕麦（Avena sativa L.）是全球第六大种植作物[1]，分为皮燕麦（带稃型）和裸燕麦（裸粒型）两类[2-3]，具有耐干旱、耐贫瘠、耐盐碱的特点。燕麦籽粒含有丰富的营养成分，可降低胆固醇[4]，其蛋白质含量最高可达20%，是小麦、大米的1.6～2.3倍[5]。燕麦是中国西部半干旱地区主要杂粮作物[6]，在农业生产中具有重要地位[7]。宁夏回族自治区位于黄土高原与内蒙古高原的过渡带，为温带干旱半干旱气候，发展燕麦产业对促进农民增收[8]、实现全面脱贫具有重要意义。

作物的产量和品质不仅取决于其自身遗传特性，还与气候环境密切相关。GIS技术可以对有限的地面气象站数据进行模拟获得其空间分布特征，在杂粮作物区划方面应用广泛。……