王枫

摘要：经济林良种是经济林产业的“芯片”，是经济林生产优质、高产、高效的物质基础。完善经济林良种推广政策，是实现经济林产业高质量发展的根本保障。通过数据收集和整理，系统梳理全国经济林良种推广现状，指出经济林良种推广中还存在着良种使用率不高，经济林低产低效；部分经济林良种存在超范围推广；良种审定过多，结构性过剩和种植品种过多，对接生产加工不畅等突出问题。进而提出从以种植为目标的良种推广转变为以生产加工等市场需求为导向的良种推广思路。从优化良种供给、加强良种推广的宏观指导、强化科技支撑和宣传培训、实施经济林提质增效工程和充分发挥产业协会、创新联盟的作用等方面给出优化经济林良种推广的政策建议。

关键词：经济林；良种；推广政策；市场需求；建议

中图分类号：F326.2文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas2021-0007

Current Situation and Suggestions on Popularization of Improved Varieties of Economic Forest

Wang Feng1，2

（1Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information， Chinese Academy of Forestry， Beijing 100091， China； 2Chinese Society of Forestry， Beijing 100091， China）

Abstract： Improved varieties of economic forests is the‘chip’of economic forest industry， and the material base of economic forest production with high quality， high yield and high efficiency. Perfecting the promoting policy of the improved varieties of economic forests is the fundamental guarantee to realize the high-quality development of China’s economic forest industry. Through data collection and investigation， the present popularization situation of the improved varieties of economic forests in China was systematically sorted out. The author points out that the utilization rate of the improved varieties is not high enough， and the economic forests have low yield and low efficiency； some improved varieties of economic forests have been popularized beyond the scope； there are too many improved varieties examined and approved， excessive structural surplus and varieties planted， and the docking between production and processing is not smooth. Furthermore， the author raises the idea that the popularization of the improved varieties should be changed from plantingoriented to market-oriented concerning the production and processing， and puts forward suggestions from the aspects of optimizing the supply of improved varieties， strengthening the macro-guidance on the popularization of improved varieties， enhancing the support of science and technology as well as publicity and training， implementing the project of improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of economic forests， and giving a full play to the role of the industrial association and the innovation alliance.

Keywords： Economic Forest； Improved Varieties； Popularization Policy； Market Demand； Suggestion

0引言

經济林产业是集生态、经济、社会效益于一身，融一二三产业为一体的生态富民产业[1]，是实现绿水青山转化为金山银山的有效途径。中国经济林种源丰富，达1000余种，具有一定开发种植规模的经济林有100余种[2]。中国高度重视经济林产业发展，近年来相继出台了《国家林业局关于加快特色经济林产业发展的意见》（林造发〔2014〕160号）、《全国优势特色经济林发展布局规划（2013—2020年）》等政策文件，进一步引导和推动了经济林产业健康发展[3]。随着国家和地方政策的推动，以及退耕还林等重大生态工程的实施，全国经济林面积快速增长，产业规模逐步壮大。……