TBL及EBM教学模式在医学教学中的应用探讨
2021-01-13张兰兰童霞张鑫
张兰兰 童霞 张鑫
摘要临床医学教学的目的是培养从事临床工作的合格医师,实习阶段临床教学的主题是:(1)获得理论转化为实践的能力;(2)培养医学生临床思维和临床技能。医学生进入临床实习后,存在操作技能不标准、理论与实践脱节等方面问题,而且目前临床教学以依靠教师讲授为主的传统授课模式为主,医学生学习主动性、积极性不足,课堂互动的机会很少,参与感很低。因此,我们需要改革传统教学模式,采用新颖的带教方案,提高教学质量。本文拟重点讨论以团队为基础的教学法(TBL)和循证医学(EBM)为基础的教学法,进一步培养学生临床思维能力,提高医学生综合素质。
关键词 临床教学 TBL教学 EBM教学 临床思维
中图分类号:G424文献标识码:ADOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.27.047
Discussion on the Application of Team-based Learning and Evidence-based Medicine in Medical Education
ZHANG Lanlan[1], TONG Xia[2], ZHANG Xin[2]
([1]Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041;
[2]West China(Airport)Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610200)
AbstractThe purpose of clinical medicine teaching is to cultivate qualified physicians engaged in clinical work, and the themes of clinical teaching in the internship stage are(1)to obtain the ability to turn theory into practice, and(2)to cultivate medical students’ clinical thinking and clinical skills. After medical students enter clinical practice, there are problemsintermsofnon-standardoperationalskills,disconnectbetweentheory andpractice,etc.Moreover,thecurrent clinicalteachingis basedon the traditional lecturemodewhichrelies mainly onteachers’lectures, andmedicalstudents’ learning initiative and enthusiasm are insufficient, and there are few opportunities for classroom interaction and low sense of participation. Therefore, we need to reform the traditional teaching model and adopt novel teaching programs to improve teaching quality. In this paper, we intend to focus on team-based learning (TBL)and evidence-based medicine(EBM)to furtherdevelopstudents’clinicalthinkingskillsandimprovetheoverallqualityofmedicalstudents. Keywordsmedical education; Team-Based Learning(TBL); evidence-based medicine(EBM); clinical thinking
1 TBL教學模式的历史及特点
TBL(Team-Based Learning,小组合作式学习)是在基于问题式学习的PBL(Problem-Based learning)教学法基础上的改革创新,是一种协作学习,旨在通过团队合作和积极学习来提高学习者的技能,是以教师讲授和学生讨论相结合的一种教学方法,注重学生的创新性、灵活应变与实践性,以达到更高的学习水平。2002年以前,学者们称这种教学模式-“Team-learning”。2002年Michaelsen等学者[1]将这种教学模式命名为“Team-Based Learning”,并被欧美国家积极推广、落实在医学教学中,多项研究已证实其在提高学生学习效率及综合素质上的积极作用。[2, 3]
2 TBL的实施流程
一般来说,一个完整的TBL教学,分为三个阶段:(1)知识储备过程,由老师提供参考资料及学习内容,学生独立预习及储备相关知识;……
