田栾栾 张千子 邓邵文 殷美荣 刘海业 瞿磊 李建荣 鲁勇 夏峰 傅皓

摘要 为探明玉溪烟区初烤烟主要化学成分现状和年度间的变化趋势，对2014—2018年玉溪市9个烤烟K326种植区的1 689个初烤烟样品主要化学成分含量和协调性指标进行分析。结果表明，中下部烟叶总糖、还原糖、糖碱比值略高，上部烟叶氮碱比值略低，其余化学成分含量均在适宜范围，上部烟叶糖碱比值较稳定，其余化学成分年度间存在显著差异，烟碱、总糖、还原糖、总氮、氧化钾、氮碱比值的变异系数较小，氯、钾氯比值变异系数较大，烟碱与总糖、还原糖、糖碱比、氮碱比之间呈极显著负相关，与总氮呈极显著正相关，烟碱、氯含量呈逐年小幅下降趋势，钾含量呈逐年上升趋势。

关键词 初烤烟，化学成分，变化趋势，稳定性，玉溪市

中图分类号 TS41+1文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2020）06-0179-05

Abstract In order to ascertain the current status of the main chemical components of fluecured tobacco in Yuxi tobacco area and the trend of changes from year to year， the contents of main chemical components and coordination indicators of 1 689 fluecured tobacco samples from 9 K326 planting areas in Yuxi City from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed.The results showed that the contents of total sugar， reducing sugar and sugaralkali ratio in the middle and lower tobacco leaves were slightly higher， and the nitrogenalkali ratio in the upper tobacco leaves was slightly lower， and the content of other chemical components was in the appropriate range.The sugartoalkali ratio of upper tobacco leaves was relatively stable， and the remaining chemical components were significantly different from year to year.The variation coefficients of nicotine content， total sugar content， reducing sugar content， total nitrogen content， potassium content， ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine were smaller， while the variation coefficients of chlorine content and the ratio of potassium to chlorine were larger.The nicotine content was negatively correlated with total sugar content， reducing sugar content， sugarbase ratio， nitrogenbase ratio， and positively correlated with total nitrogen content.The content of nicotine and chlorine decreased slightly year by year， and the content of potassium increased year by year.

Key words Fluecured tobacco，Chemical component，Variation trend，Stability，Yuxi City

煙叶的化学成分与烟草制品的质量有着密切关系[1-3]，如总糖、总氮、烟碱等会对烟叶吸味造成直接影响，而钾、氯等会对烟叶的燃烧性造成明显影响。窦玉青等[4]对2007—2013年全国初烤烟常规化学成分含量和协调性指标进行研究，指出全国初烤烟还原糖、两糖比呈下降趋势，氯呈上升趋势，包勤等[5]研究指出我国烟叶还原糖含量在2005—2008年上升明显，烟碱在2003—2007年下降明显，王金平等[6]分析指出云南烟区初烤烟总糖、还原糖及糖碱比值总体较高，不同年份间总植物碱、总氮、挥发性碱、氮碱比值较稳定，钾、氯含量不稳定，吴玉萍等[7]对2009—2012年玉溪K326初烤烟化学品质进行研究，指出总糖含量以2009和2011年较高，2010和2012年较低，烟碱含量在2011—2012年呈平稳下降趋势。……