吴尔

摘要 农村生态环境是否优美宜居事关乡村振兴战略的有效推进。随着新型城镇化与工业化进程加快，农村生态环境遭到了严重破坏。农村生态环境治理的好坏与社会变迁有着紧密关联性。社会结构变迁、农村人口变迁、文化变迁及科学技术变迁等社会变迁对农村生态环境治理有着重大影响。基于社会变迁的分析视角，对农村生态环境治理困境进行了深入探讨。经研究发现，农村生态环境治理存在着多元主体不足、农民参与能力不强、农民环保意识薄弱、工业产品下乡冲击等诸多困境。因此，强化多元主体社会责任，疏通人才回流渠道，培育农民参与能力，加强农村环保宣传力度，提高农民环保意识，科学合理使用工業产品缓解下乡冲击。

关键词 乡村振兴;生态环境;社会变迁;农村环境治理

中图分类号 F323.22  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2020）05-0259-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.05.073

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Abstract Whether the rural ecological environment is beautiful and livable is related to the effective promotion of the rural revitalization strategy. With the acceleration of the new urbanization and industrialization， the rural ecological environment has been severely damaged. The governance of rural ecological environment is closely related to social changes. Social changes such as social structure changes， rural population changes， cultural changes and scientific and technological changes have a major impact on rural ecological environmental governance. Based on the analysis of social changes， this paper discusses the dilemma of rural ecological environmental governance. It is found that there are many difficulties in rural ecoenvironmental governance， such as the lack of multiple subjects， the weak ability of farmers to participate， the weak awareness of farmersenvironmental protection， and the impact of industrial products on the countryside. Therefore， we will strengthen the social responsibility of multiple subjects， clear the channels for returning talents， cultivate the ability of farmers to participate， strengthen rural environmental protection publicity， raise farmersawareness of environmental protection， and use industrial products scientifically and rationally to ease the impact of going to the countryside.

Key words Rural revitalization;Ecological environment;Social change;Rural environmental governance

随着新型城镇化的快速发展，大量农村人口向城镇聚集，城镇空间承载能力的有限性造成了城镇领域范围不断向边缘农村扩展。农村空心化、农村空间被城镇挤占、农村资源能源消耗不断加剧等问题日益突出[1]。在城市化、工业化的影响下，农村各种环境风险不断凸显，成为了解决“三农”问题与全面建成小康社会的突出短板[2]。现阶段的农村既是城市发展所需资源的供给之地，又是城市废弃物的“消化之所”[3]。与此同时，农村内部长期存在的生活污染、农业生产污染、点污染以及面源污染交织在一起的环境问题仍没得到全面解决[4]。……