马国胜 陈娟

摘要大力培育新型职业农民是实施乡村振兴战略的一项重要举措。基于多年来新型职业农民培养实践，结合文献研究，对我国新型职业农民培育的现状及存在的主要问题进行了分析，创新性地提出了我国新型职业农民培育的主要类型、驱动力和目标导向，并结合案例研究提出了新型职业农民培育的成功路径。该研究结果对于新型职业农民培育及其教育教学研究和实践具有较强的参考价值。

关键词新型职业农民;培育现状;主要问题;目标导向;成功路径

中图分类号G725文献标识码A

文章编号0517-6611（2020）04-0279-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.04.082

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Realistic Characteristics and Countermeasure Path of Cultivating New Professional Farmers in China

MA Guo-sheng，CHEN Juan（Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture， Suzhou， Jiangsu 215008）

AbstractVigorously cultivating new professional farmers is an important measure to implement the strategy of rural revitalization.Based on the practice of cultivating new-type professional peasants for many years and combined with literature research， the present situation and main problems of cultivating new-type professional peasants in China were analyzed， and the main types and target orientation of cultivating new-type professional peasants in China were innovatively put forward.The successful path of cultivating new-type professional peasants was given by combining case studies.The research results had stronger reference values for the cultivation of new-type professional farmers and the research and practice of their education and teaching.

Key wordsNew professional farmers;Cultivation situation;Main problems;Goal orientation;Successful path

十九大提出了实施乡村振兴战略，中央一号文件连续推进落实[1-3]。乡村振兴，产业兴旺是重点[3]。产业振兴的关键在人，人的关键又在千千万万的农民。然而，随着我国新型工业化和城镇化步伐的不断加快，农村中青年劳动力大规模向城镇和非农产业转移，务农劳动力大幅减少，农民“兼业化、老龄化、低文化”现象十分普遍，农业后继乏人日趋严重[3-6]。

习近平总书记强调：“中国人要把饭碗端在自己手里，而且要装自己的粮食”。这句话有2个层面要求：一是中国人的饭碗要端在自己手里。也就是说，中国人的吃饭问题要能自己解决。这就涉及到谁来种地的问题，也就是粮食数量安全问题。二是饭碗里装的要是自己的粮食。也就是说，饭碗里装的粮食不能是从外国人那里来的。这就涉及到怎样种好地的问题，也就是粮食质量安全问题。……