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贮藏时间及温度对全株青绿玉米低温制粒颗粒料的影响

2018-11-22盛清凯赵红波张伶燕金娉婷王星凌李祥明

山东农业科学 2018年8期
关键词:时间

盛清凯 赵红波 张伶燕 金娉婷 王星凌 李祥明

摘要:

为促进全株青绿玉米的应用,本试验研究贮藏时间(1、8、16、24 d)和贮藏温度(低温0~4℃、中温16~20℃和高温30~34℃)对全株青绿玉米低溫制粒颗粒料自由基、自由基清除剂、淀粉酶活性、pH值、乳酸菌、霉菌及黄曲霉毒素等指标的影响。结果表明贮藏时间和贮藏温度对过氧化氢、乳酸菌、霉菌和黄曲霉毒素的含量及pH值影响显著(P<0.05)。随着贮藏时间的延长,低温下1~24 d各指标无显著变化(P>0.05);高温下过氧化氢、丙二醛含量及过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性、pH值表现为先升高后降低,第8 d时达到高峰;高温下霉菌和黄曲霉毒素含量逐渐增加,乳酸菌含量逐渐降低;大肠杆菌各处理均未检出。建议高温下贮藏时间不超过8 d,低温下可以适当延长贮藏时间。

关键词:全株青绿玉米;低温制粒颗粒料;贮藏;温度;时间;霉变

中图分类号:S816.5+3 文献标识号:A 文章编号:1001-4942(2018)08-0157-04

Effects of Storage Time and Temperature on

Low-Temperature Pelletizing of Whole Plant Green Corn

Sheng Qingkai1, Zhao Hongbo1, Zhang Lingyan1, Jin Pingting1, Wang Xingling1, Li Xiangming2

(1. Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/

Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan 250100, China;

2. Institute of Shandong Provincial Feed Quality Inspection, Jinan 250022, China)

Abstract In order to promote the application of whole plant green corn, the present study investigated the effects of storage times (1, 8, 16, 24 d) and temperatures (low temperature 0℃ to 4℃, middle temperature 16℃ to 20℃ and high temperature 30℃ to 34℃) on the whole plant green corn granulated at low temperature, its indicators included free radicals, free radical scavengers, amylase, pH, lactic acid bacteria, mould, mycotoxin and others. The results showed that storage times and temperatures had a significant effect on the content of hydrogen peroxide, lactic acid bacteria, mould and mycotoxin and pH value(P<0.05). With the extension of the storage time, all the indexes had no significant change from 1 to 24 d at low temperature (P>0.05). At high temperature, the content of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, catalase, peroxidase and pH value increased first and then decreased and reached the peak at the 8th day. The content of mold and the mycotoxin gradually increased and lactic acid bacteria gradually decreased at high temperature. The experiment results suggested that the storage time should not exceed 8 days at high temperature and could be prolonged suitably at low temperature.

Keywords Whole plant green corn pelleted in low temperature; Storage; Temperature; Time; Deterioration

发酵的全株青绿玉米具有改善饲料适口性、促进猪生长、降低猪粪臭味、改善肉品质的良好效果[1,2],但是发酵的全株青绿玉米为湿料,水分含量高达60%左右。由于目前大规模猪场的饲料自动运输系统为干颗粒料运输系统,不适用于运输发酵的全株青绿玉米,影响其大规模饲用。发酵的全株青绿玉米高温烘干制粒,理论上可以应用于大规模猪场,但高温制粒耗能,且破坏益生菌、生物酶、维生素等热敏物质[3];低温制粒,则在保留其中益生菌、酶、维生素等物质活性的同时便于大规模猪场的应用,但低温制粒的玉米水分含量仍然高于15%,容易变质,如何贮藏成为难题。……

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