李佳睿　王善高

摘要：首先从理论上探讨了要素市场扭曲影响农业生产技术效率的内在机制，然后利用2002—2012年中国农业生产的省级宏观数据，测算了我国农业劳动力要素市场和农业资本要素市场的扭曲程度，在此基础上，实证分析了农业劳动力和农业资本要素市场扭曲对我国农业生产技术效率的影响效应，并采用反事实检验的方法，探讨要素市场扭曲所造成的农业生产技术效率损失缺口。研究表明：（1）我国农业劳动力和资本要素市场均呈现扭曲态势，且劳动力要素市场的扭曲程度要高于资本要素市场；（2）劳动力要素和资本要素市场扭曲对农业生产技术效率分别呈显著的负向和正向影响；（3）反事实检验的结果显示，我国要素市场扭曲的技术效率损失缺口为0.031，且劳动力要素市场扭曲的效率损失缺口高于资本要素市场扭曲，劳动力要素市场扭曲是影响我国农业生产技术效率提升的重要因素。

关键词：要素市场扭曲；农业生产技术效率；随机前沿生产函数；反事实检验

中图分类号：S-3：F323.3 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2018）08-0161-08

Effect of Factor Market Distortion on

Agricultural Production Technical Efficiency

Li Jiarui，Wang Shangao

（College of Economics and Management， Nanjing Agricultural University， Nanjing 210095， China）

Abstract Firstly， the inherent mechanism of factor market distortion affecting agricultural production technical efficiency was explored in theory in this study. Then， we estimated the degree of distortion of agricultural labor market and agricultural capital market in China using the provincial macroeconomic data of Chinese agricultural production from 2002 to 2012. On this basis， the effect of agricultural labor and agricultural capital factor market distortion on the technical efficiency of agricultural production in China was analyzed empirically， and the technical efficiency loss gap of agricultural production caused by factor market distortion was explored using the method of counter-factual test. The results were as follows. （1） Both the agricultural labor and capital factor market in China showed distorted trends， and the distortion degree of the labor factor market was higher than that of capital factor market. （2） The labor market distortion had a significant negative impact on the technical efficiency of agricultural production， while the capital factor market distortion had a significant positive impact. （3） The results of counter-factual test showed that the technical efficiency loss gap in China caused by factor market distortion was 0.031， and the loss gap caused by labor market distortion was higher than that caused by capital factor market， indicating that the labor market factor distortion was the key influence factor in promotion of Chinese agricultural production technical efficiency.

Keywords Factor market distortion； Agricultural production technical efficiency； Stochastic frontier production function； Counter-factual test

改革開放以来，中国农业经济取得了巨大增长，粮食产量由1978年的3.05×108 t增长到了2015年的6.21×108 t，年均增长率为2%。虽然农业经济取得了显著成就，但一直以来，我国农业生产都是依赖“高投入和高产出”的粗放型生产模式，这使得我国付出了巨大的资源代价。随着工业化和城镇化的不断推进，我国农业生产的水资源、耕地资源等生产性资源日益紧缺，“高投入和高产出”的生产模式将难以为继，因此粮食产量增加越来越依赖生产效率的提高[1，2]。……