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肺部CT和普通胸片在体检人群病灶筛查中的成本效果比较

2018-08-30陆峰郑延松

中国医药导报 2018年14期
关键词:临床意义

陆峰 郑延松

[摘要] 目的 評价健康体检人群中常规进行胸部普通X线检查或者胸部CT检查的临床和卫生经济学意义。 方法 分析解放军总医院体检中心2005年10月~2014年2月接受胸部普通X线检查或者胸部CT的人群检查结果。 结果 共65 465例体检者接受普通胸片检查,阳性发现者共10 874例(16.61%),阳性发现总频次为12 991例次。共46 406例体检者接受胸部CT检查,阳性发现者共21 583例(46.51%),阳性发现总频次为33 172例次。胸部CT检查阳性率高于普通胸片(46.51%比16.61%,P < 0.05)。不同年龄层胸部CT中,阳性发现率均高于普通胸片,其中40~<50岁(42.42%比12.29%)和50~<60岁(53.44%比22.87%)两个年龄段相差最为明显,阳性率差别达30%以上。胸部CT对肺部病变(16 072例比3335例)、纵隔病变(276例比98例)、胸膜病变(6692例比3148例)、淋巴结病变(3172例比190例)、腹部病变(3172例比26例)发现频次均高于普通胸片。普通胸片对胸廓病变(2798例比129例)和心脏、血管病变(3095例比1837例)发现频次高于胸部CT(P < 0.05)。每1次阳性发现的平摊费用胸部CT低于普通胸片(433.67元比554.32元)。 结论 对于健康体检人群,不论是检出疾病的临床意义方面,还是相对减少费用的卫生经济学方面,胸部CT检查均优于普通胸片。

[关键词] 胸片;胸部CT平扫;健康体检;临床意义;卫生经济学

[中图分类号] R814 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)05(b)-0177-04

Comparison of the cost-effectiveness of the lung CT and common chest radiographs in the screening of the patients in the physical examination

LU Feng ZHENG Yansong

Healthy Management Institute, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China

[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the clinical value and health economics of chest X-ray and chest CT scan in health examination people. Methods The results of chest X-ray and chest CT scan in patients who received health examinations in Healthy Science Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from October 2005 to February 2014 were analyzed. Results A total of 65 465 patients underwent chest X-ray examination, 10 874 patients had positive findings (positive rate was 16.61%), the total positive findings were 12 991 cases. A total of 46 406 patients underwent chest CT scanning, 21 583 patients had positive findings (positive rate was 46.51%), the total positive findings were 33 172 cases. Chest CT scanning was more effective in detecting the lesions compared with chest X-ray (46.51% vs. 16.61%, P < 0.05). In every different age group, chest CT showed higher positive findings rate than chest X-ray examination, the most obvious differences were in 40-<50 years group (42.42% vs. 12.29%) and 50-<60 years group (53.44% vs. 22.87%). Chest CT scan detected more lung lesions (16 072 cases vs. 3335 cases), more mediastinal lesions (276 cases vs. 98 cases), pleural lesions (6692 cases vs. 3148 cases), lymph node lesions (3172 cases vs. 190 cases) and abdominal diseases (3172 cases vs. 26 cases) than chest X-ray examination. Chest X-ray examination detected more spinal and thoracic lesions (2798 cases vs. 129 cases), heart and vascular diseases (3095 cases vs. 1837 cases) than chest CT (P < 0.05). The cost of chest CT scan for every single positive reporting was less than chest X-ray (433.67 yuan vs. 554.32 yuan). Conclusion For health examination, chest CT scan is more effective and more economic than chest X-ray examination.

[Key words] Chest X-ray; Chest CT; Health examination; Clinical value; Health economics

随着人们健康意识的不断提高,健康体检逐渐成为日常保健的基本手段之一[1],并且,随着医学科技的进步,高精尖的检查设备被广泛地应用于健康体检。胸部普通X线检查是健康体检的常规检查项目,但近年来胸部CT平扫越来越多地用于健康体检[2-3]。CT对疾病的发现和诊断均优于胸部X线片,但对于缺乏明确的症状或者体征的体检人群,选择更先进和昂贵的胸部CT的临床实际意义到底如何[4-8]?卫生经济学价值评价如何?是非常值得我们探讨的问题[9]。另外,胸部CT检查时人体接受的辐射剂量要高于普通胸片,即使用低剂量,胸部CT的辐射剂量也仍旧略高于普通胸片,是否值得冒此风险选择胸部CT检查?本研究总结了解放军总医院(以下简称“我院”)体检中心近9年的结果,针对健康体检人群中常规进行胸部普通X线检查或者胸部CT检查的临床意义和卫生经济学意义进行了比较。……

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