熊琴 袁宇 邹秀丽

[摘要] 目的 探討闽北竹木加工职工变应性鼻炎与环境因素的关系。方法 方便收集从2012年1月—2016年12月期间在闽北某竹木加工工厂中符合条件的164例工人，同时选择同等数量某非粉尘类作业工厂员工作为对照。因两个工厂气候条件相同，工作环境最大的不同在于竹木加工厂有大量粉尘，通过调查问卷、查体及皮肤点刺实验来判断两组工人患变应性鼻炎的发病率，通过两组数据的统计学比较，来探讨变应性鼻炎工作环境因素的关系，并整理分析这类患者的临床表现及对生活工作的影响及如何有效地预防及发病后治疗。结果 实验组164例工人，有88例入厂工作后出现了不同程度的类似变异性鼻炎症状，其中51例体征及皮肤尘螨点刺实验阳性，故发病率31%，对照组164例，最后有症状并且皮肤点刺阳性的有27例，约16%，两组比较，差异有统计学意义（P=0.02）。结论 竹木加工环境粉尘多，胶水和油漆等化工产品使用多，易造成环境污染，闽北竹木加工职工，常年处于这种环境，发病率可能比普通人群高，常年受变应性鼻炎疾病困扰，从而影响工作和生活。

[关键词] 竹木加工职工；变应性鼻炎；发病率

[中图分类号] R5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742（2018）01（a）-0059-03

Study on the Relationship between Environmental Factors and Allergic Rhinitis in Bamboo Processing Workers in North Fujian Province

XIONG Qin， YUAN Yu， ZOU Xiu-li

Department of ENT， Nanping Second Hospital of Fujian Province， Nanping， Fujian Province， 354200 China

[Abstract] Objective This paper tries to study the effect of the environmental factors on allergic rhinitis patient workers in Northern Fujian Bamboo and Wood Processing Plant. Methods A total of 164 qualified workers from a bamboo processing plant in northern Fujian from January 2012 to December 2016 were collected and the employees of the same number of non-dusty operations were convenient selected as the control. Due to the same climatic conditions in both factories， the biggest difference in working environment is the large amount of dust in the bamboo processing plant. The incidences of allergic rhinitis in both groups were judged by questionnaire， examination and skin prick test. Statistical comparison of data to explore the relationship between working environment factors of allergic rhinitis， and organize the analysis of the clinical manifestations of these patients and their impact on life work and how to effectively prevent and post-treatment. Results There were 164 workers in the experimental group， 88 of whom experienced similar symptoms of rhinitis after entering the factory. Among them， 51 had positive signs of dermatophagoides and skin prick tests. The incidence rate was 31% in the control group and 164 in the control group symptoms and skin prick-positive were 27， about 16%， the two groups compared， with significant statistical differences（P=0.02）. Conclusion Bamboo processing environment dust， glue and paint and other chemical products used more easily lead to environmental pollution， processing workers in northern Fujian bamboo， perennial in this environment， the incidence may be higher than the average age， year-round affected by allergic rhinitis diseases ， thus affecting work and life.

[Key words] Bamboo processing workers； Allergic rhinitis； Incidence of illness

变应性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis， AR）是机体暴露于变应原后主要由IgE介导的鼻黏膜非感染性慢性非炎症性疾病。AR的典型症状为阵发性喷嚏、清水样涕、鼻痒和鼻塞。可伴有眼部症状，包括眼痒、流泪、眼红和灼热感等[1]。AR在普通人群的发病率为10%～25%[2]， AR的发病与遗传和环境的相互作用有关[1]。……