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血液科患者合并医院感染的临床特征分析

2018-01-26吴霞

中外医学研究 2017年35期
关键词:预防特征

吴霞

【摘要】 目的:探讨血液科患者医院感染特征。方法:通过分析50例院内感染的血液病患者的相关资料,观察院感部位、细菌培养、院感因素,对比院感与非院感患者死亡率及住院时间。结果:感染部位肺部感染24例(48.00%);口腔和肛周感染15例(30.00%);败血症5例(10.00%);胃肠道4例(8.00%);其他2例(4.00%)。送检血、尿、痰、粪等标本80例次,检出病原菌50例次(62.50%),包括革兰阴性(G-)杆菌19例次(38.00%),革兰阳性(G+)球菌18例次(36.00%);真菌13例次(26.00%)。医院感染组平均年龄(64.78±7.30)岁、实施化疗52.00%、进行侵入性操作42.00%、预防应用抗菌药物52.00%,高于无医院感染组(57.25±9.45)岁、20.00%、18.00%、30.00% (P<0.05)。医院感染患者住院时间(40.14±11.38)d,长于无医院感染组的(20.38±6.53)d,死亡率10.00%,高于无医院感染组的2.00%(P<0.05)。结论:血液病患者住院过程中容易合并医院感染,影响因素多样,应加强预防和控制降低医院感染率。

【关键词】 血液科; 医院感染; 特征; 预防

doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2017.35.010 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1674-6805(2017)35-0021-02

【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the clinical features of nosocomial infection in department of hematology patients.Method:By analyzing the related data of 50 cases of nosocomial infection in patients with hematological diseases,observed the location of the hospital,the bacteria culture,the sense of the hospital,and compared the differences between the nosocomial and non nosocomial infection patients.Result:There were 24 cases(48.00%) of pulmonary infection in the infected area,oral and perianal infection in 15 cases(30.00%),sepsis in 5 cases(10.00%) patients,gastrointestinal tract in 4 cases(8.00%),the other 2 cases(4.00%).Samples of blood and urine,sputum and stool specimens of 80 cases,50 cases(62.50%) of pathogenic bacteria,included gram negative bacilli 19 cases(38.00%),gram positive cocci 18 cases(36.00%),fungi in 13 cases(26.00%).Nosocomial infection group average age of (64.78±7.30)years old,the implementation of chemotherapy of 52.00%,invasive operation of 42.00%,were higher than (57.25±9.45)years old,20.00%,18.00%,30.00% of non nosocomial infection group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),nosocomial infection time of (40.14±11.38)days was longer than (20.38±6.53)days of the non nosocomial infection group,and death rate of 10.00% was higher than 2.00% of non nosocomial infection group(P<0.05).Conclusion:In the course of hospitalization for patients with hematological diseases,nosocomial infection is easy to be affected,and the influencing factors are various,prevention and control should be strengthened to reduce nosocomial infection rate.

【Key words】 Department of Hematology; Nosocomial infection; Characteristics; Prevention

First-authors address:The Branch Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University,Nantong 226001,China

血液病患者病程中的并發症主要是出血及感染,继发感染常是血液病患者的主要死亡因素,尤其在化疗过程中最易发生,近年来随着血液病患者有效化疗药物使用及对症支持手段的加强,使血液病患者长存率明显升高,医院感染的发生也随之增加[1]。血液系统疾病患者并发感染已愈来愈受到重视,如何降低其感染率,显得十分重要[2]。本文以院内感染血液病患者临床资料进行分析,探讨医院感染特征,现报告如下。endprint

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

2012年1月-2017年3月南通大学附属医院分院血液科诊治50例发生院内感染的血液病患者,均经骨髓细胞、免疫组化学检查符合相关诊断标准;其中男30例,女20例,根据患者临床表现、细菌培养及药物敏感试验、血常规、辅助检查(X线、B超、CT等)等诊断符合《医院感染诊断标准(试行)》[3]。按照患者住院号以1∶1比例选择无医院感染的50例血液科住院患者作为对照研究对象(无医院感染组),包括男28例,女22例。……

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