钱磊+吴忠锋+唐昌亮+陈勇+罗树凯+张继方+李浩

摘 要 以16种羊蹄甲属植物种子为材料，研究种子长度、宽度、厚度、形状指数、千粒重和生活型的表型变异。结果表明：16种种子性状存在不同的差异表现，其中B. semla的种子长度、宽度、厚度和千粒重均最大；各物种种子千粒重等级以D和E级为主；种子表型的平均变异系数为4.21%，不同种间变异系数存在较大差异；5个表型性状在不同种间均存在极显著差异，大部分表型性状间存在极显著或显著相关性；对于藤本、灌木、灌木或乔木和乔木，生活型与种子宽度、厚度和千粒重存在极显著正相关关系，与种子长度存在显著正相关关系，与形状指数存在极显著负相关关系。

关键词 羊蹄甲属 ；种子 ；表型性状 ；变异 ；生活型

中图分类号 S688 文献标识码 A Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.09.009

Study on Phenotypic Variation of Seed Populations in

16 Species of Bauhinia

QIAN Lei WU Zhongfeng TANG Changliang

CHEN Yong LUO Shukai ZHANG Jifang LI Hao

（Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture，Guangzhou，Guangdong 510405）

Abstract The seeds were collected from 16 species of Bauhinia. Based on the data of phenotypic traits，the phenotypic differentiation of seeds was studied. The results showed that： （1）There were distinct differences in phenotype trait among Bauhinia species. The seed length， seed width， seed thickness，thousand-seed-weight of B. semla reached the maximum. （2）The seed mass of Bauhinia in class D and E were the most commonly. （3）The average value of coefficient of variation was 4.21%， and there were great variation among different species. （4）There were significant differences between 5 phenotype traits among different species， and there were significant differentiation among most phenotype traits. （5）Pearson' relative analysis showed that life form had significantly positive relationship with seed length， seed thickness， and thousand-seed-weight， and a positive relationship between life form and seed length， and a negative relationship between life form and shape index.

Keywords Bauhinia ； seed ； phenotype trait ； variation ； life form

羊蹄甲屬（Bauhinia）隶属于豆科云实亚科（Caesapinioideae），约600种，遍布于世界热带地区，为乔木、灌木或攀援藤本。中国约有40种，亚种，11变种，主要分布在中国南部和西南部[1]。羊蹄甲属植物多用于观赏，是庭院绿化、行道树的优良树种，如红花羊蹄甲为香港市花[2]；此外B.petersiana的种子可作为咖啡的替代品[3]；羊蹄甲属植物含有多种化学成分，如黄酮类、甾体类、萜类等，在亚洲、中美洲、南美洲，羊蹄甲属多作为民间用药，其根皮、茎皮及叶的提取物可治疗腹泻、风湿病和糖尿病[4-6]。

表型多样性是遗传多样性与环境多样性的综合体现，是生物多样性与生物系统学的重要内容[7]。种子表型变异作为表型多样性的一部分，是植物生活史的一个核心特征，它决定着物种的扩散能力和种群分布格局，在进化生物学和生态学方面皆具有重要研究意义[8-9]。……