麻城市枳椇群落特征研究
2016-05-26腾家喜周志祥
腾家喜 周志祥



摘 要:采用样地调查法,对麻城市五脑山林场枳椇群落特征进行分析,结果表明:该群落为以枳椇为优势种的单优群落,含维管束植物39科54属56种,这些属可划分为10个分布区类型,表现为从亚热带向温带过渡、具有南北交融的特点;群落植物生活型以高位芽植物为主,地面芽植物次之;枳椇群落结构复杂,可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层,层间植物丰富;由于人类活动的干扰,群落乔木层多样性较低,表现出明显的次生性,该群落亟待科学有效地保护。
关键词:枳椇;群落结构;生活型;物种多样性;麻城市
中图分类号: S718.5文献标识码: A文章编号: 1004-3020(2016)02-0009-04
Abstract: The sample survey method was adopted to analyze Hovenia acerba community characteristics in Macheng City Wunaoshan Forest Farm, and the results showed that the community definite Hovenia acerba as the dominant species of single communities, included 56 species 54 genera and 39 families, these could be divided into 10 areal types, performance for the transition from subtropical to temperate zone, had the characteristics of the north and south blend; Community species life form was given priority to with phanerophyte, hemicryptophyte take second place; Hovenia acerba community structure was complex, it could be divided into three layers of tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer, interlayer plant was rich; Due to the interference of human activities, community diversity of tree layer was low, it showed obvious secondary property, the community needs to be scientific and effective protection.
Key words:Hovenia acerba; community structure; life form;species diversity; Macheng City
枳椇Hovenia acerba又名拐枣、鸡爪梨、木室、龙枣、长寿果,鼠李科枳椇属植物。生长快,适应性强,是一种综合价值极高的珍稀树种[]。枳椇在我国以长江流域分布最多,长江以南地区和华北南部也很普遍,主要分布在陕西、四川、重庆、湖北、湖南、江西、江苏、浙江、福建、广东、安徽、河北、河南等省(市),以陕、川、渝量多质佳\[2]。印度、韩国、日本、尼泊尔、不丹、缅甸北部也有分布\[3-4]。目前对于枳椇的研究主要其中在枳椇的资源分布、化学成分、药理活性和育种栽培方面\[5-10],枳椇群落生态学特征相关的研究鲜有报道。
枳椇在麻城市境内分布广,资源量较大,但多为野生或农家品种,散生居多,很少见到大面积的枳椇群落。近年来在麻城市的种质资源清查与收集过程中,发现五脑山林场尚存有一处面积较大的枳椇群落。通过对其物种组成、群落结构、物种多样性进行分析,有助于了解麻城市枳椇群落的基本特征,可为湖北地区枳椇资源的保护及可持续利用提供科学依据。……
