基于橡胶林生态系统养分循环指导施肥的效益分析
2017-10-23张以山袁晓军曹建华
张以山+袁晓军+曹建华



摘 要 以橡胶品种无性系PR107、RRIM600、热研7-33-97为研究对象,借助已研究建立的橡胶树精准施肥决策计算机系统和橡胶林生态系统养分循环试验数据,比较分析了基于橡胶林生态系统养分循环施肥决策系统指导施肥的经济效益和生态效益。结果表明,利用橡胶林生态系统养分循环施肥决策系统进行施肥,能促进天然橡胶增产,土壤有机质含量有所增加,胶园土壤酸化趋势得到减缓,经济效益和生态效益明显。
关键词 橡胶林 ;养分循环 ;施肥指导 ;经济效益 ;生态效益
中图分类号 S794.1 文献标识码 A Doi:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.09.006
Benefit Analysis of Rubber Plantations Based on Nutrient Cycle
of Rubber Plantation Ecosystem
ZHANG Yishan1) YUAN Xiaojun2) CAO Jianhua2)
(1 Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571737;
2 Rubber Research Institute, CATAS, Danzhou 571737)
Abstract On the basis of the available precision fertilizing decision system and experimental data, rubber clones PR107, RRIM600 and Reyan 7-33-97 were selected to analyze economic and ecological benefits from their rubber plantations dressed with fertilizer based on the fertilizer recommendation from the nutrient cycle of rubber plantation ecosystem. The results showed that with this decision system for fertilizer recommendation the rubber plantations increased in yield and soil organic content, and mitigated the trend of soil acidification, resulting in obvious economic and ecological benefits.
Keywords rubber plantation ; nutrient cycle ; fertilizer recommendation ; economic benefit ; ecological benefit
人工施肥、林下生物量和積累量以及其分解速率、降雨、养分有效性等均会影响橡胶园土壤养分循环。橡胶林下枯落物的分解速率较快,因此,林下生物量与积累量相对较低[1],但各养分元素的分解释放效率和归还量亦不相同[2],降雨对胶园养分的输入、运转、淋溶、利用效率等都有较大的影响,也是胶园土壤肥力的重要来源之一,其养分来自地表径流、地下渗漏水、淋洗树体分泌物以及枯枝、落叶、死根的分解释放和溶解肥料,这对橡胶树的生长产生了较大的影响[3]。土壤养分的有效性受pH[4]、施肥位置及深度[5]、肥料种类与形态[6]、土壤理化性状[7]、养分元素间的相互作用[8]等因素的影响。另外,土壤微生物、砧木与接穗之间的亲和关系、遗传特性、年龄因素、林下间种[9-12]等都可影响养分的有效性和吸收量[13]。然而,胶园土壤肥力普遍偏低[14],令人担忧,这主要是长期割胶移走、土壤淋溶、水土流失[15-17],而人为施肥不足造成的。……
