荆州市郊农户农药认知评价及使用现状调查
2017-10-13李水清汪洋
李水清+汪洋



摘要:为了解农药安全使用的实际情况,指导农户科学用药,减少农药的不当使用,采用问卷调查的方法对湖北省荆州市郊150个农户的农药认知和农药使用情况进行了调查。调查包括农户在农药使用前、农药施用过程中及农药使用后三个阶段的情况。结果表明,调查对象有一定的安全使用意识,但在喷施、贮存等环节认识有待提高,对农药基本使用技能掌握较差。针对调查反映出来的问题,提出了可行性建议。目的在于指导农户科学用药,在实现增产增收的同时,促进农业与农药产业可持续、健康发展。
关键词:农药;认知;安全用药;湖北省荆州市
中图分类号:S482 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)17-3382-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.17.048
Cognitive Evaluation and Present Situation Investigation about Pesticides Use of Farmers in Suburb of Jingzhou
LI Shui-qing,WANG Yang
(College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei, China)
Abstract: To know the real situation of pesticide safe use and guide farmers in scientific pesticides use, as well as reduce improper use of pesticides, the pesticide cognition and pesticides use of 150 farmers in suburb of Jingzhou, Hubei were investigated with questionnaire investigation method. The investigation reflected the situation before pesticides use, in pesticide application and after pesticides use of farmers. The results showed that the investigation objects had certain awareness of safe use. But awareness in pesticides application and storage needed to be improved and farmers needed to master more pesticides application technique. According to problems mentioned in the investigation, some feasible suggestions were put forward, to guide farmers to scientifically use pesticide, to promote sustainable, healthy development of agriculture and pesticide industry while achieving increase in yield and income.
Key words: pesticide; cognition; safe use of pesticide; Jingzhou of Hubei
中国人口众多,耕地面积相对较少,以仅仅相当于世界7%的耕地养活了几乎占世界50%的人口。为了减少病虫草害,提高农作物产量,保障粮食安全,各类农药制剂大量被使用[1]。据世界粮农组织(FAO)估计,世界农作物病虫草害造成的自然损失率为30%~40%,发展中国家损失的数字更大[2]。在中国,如果不加以防治,每年由于农业病虫草害造成的粮食损失可高达1.5亿t以上;而经过对农作物病虫草害的有效防治,每年可挽回总产量1/2~2/3的损失。
据统计,2013年全球农化产品销售额同比增长10.1%,达到591.6億美元[3]。据农药工业协会统计,2012年中国农药的产量为354.9万t,同比增长19%,2012年全行业完成现价工业总产值2 440亿元,同比增长24.4%。与发达国家相比,中国农药使用仍处于较低水平,农药利用率仅为20%~30%。在生产环节中,农药的不合理使用是农产品质量安全的重要隐患。……
