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社区老年人跌倒认知和行为调查与分析

2016-11-09张娴周俭芳叶翠松杨永红

上海医药 2016年20期
关键词:认知老年人

张娴+周俭芳+叶翠松+杨永红

摘 要 目的:了解社区老年人跌倒认知与行为现状,并分析其影响因素,为社区医务人员实施跌倒干预措施提供科学依据。方法:采用自行设计的跌倒认知和预防行为问卷,对本社区200例老年人进行调查。结果:老年人对药物因素所引起跌倒的认知率低于因疾病因素所引起的跌倒;老年人在个人、环境方面预防跌倒措施较少;文化程度影响老年人对跌倒的认知,但不同文化程度的老人在采取预防跌倒行为方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:老年人对预防跌倒的认知和行为水平较低,社区医务人员应根据个体情况制定综合性干预措施,降低跌倒的发生率。

关键词 跌倒 老年人 认知 行为

中图分类号:R195.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2016)20-0054-03

Survey and analysis of cognition and behavior of falls in the community elderly people

ZHANG Xian, ZHOU jianfang, YE Cuisong, YANG Yonghong

(Caohejing Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District, Shanghai 200235, China)

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the cognition and behavior of the elderly people falls in the community, and analyze the influence factors to provide the scientific basis for the implementation of the intervention measures for the community medical personnel. Methods: A self-designed questionnaire survey of the fall cognition and preventive action was conducted in 200 elderly people in the community. Results: The cognitive rate of falls caused by drug factor was lower than that of the disease factor in the elderly. The fall prevention of the elderly people in the personal and environmental aspects was poor. The cultural degrees influenced the elderly cognition on falls, but there was no significant difference in the degree of culture of the elderly in the prevention of falls. Conclusion: The cognition and behavior level of the elderly people are lower, and the community medical staff should make comprehensive intervention measures according to individual condition to reduce the incidence of falls.

KEY WORDS fall; elderly people; cognition; behavior

跌倒是老年人伤害死亡的第l原因,跌倒受伤的老年人康复后,有20%~30%会引起生活自理能力下降,甚至过早死亡[1-2],因此,跌倒已成为影响社区老年人群健康的主要公共卫生问题之一。2011版《国家基本公共卫生服务规范》中,预防跌倒措施已成为社区老年人健康管理服务规范及健康指导重要内容之一。本研究对社区老年人跌倒的认知、预防措施行为现状进行了调查,为进一步开展社区老年人跌倒干预提供可靠依据。

1 对象与方法

1.1 对象

2013年6月—12月采用典型抽样法抽取徐汇区漕河泾街道3个居委中与本中心家庭医生签约的年龄≥65岁的老年人200例作为调查对象,其中男86例,女114例,年龄65~85岁,平均(72.8±7.5)岁,小学以下文化程度91例,中学文化程度50例,高中及以上文化程度59例。纳……

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