外科病房的医院感染和预防控制措施分析
2016-07-25万泉卉
万泉卉
外科病房的医院感染和预防控制措施分析
万泉卉
【摘要】目的 分析本院外科病房患者医院感染的危险因素,提出预防控制措施,为有效管控医院感染提供科学依据。方法 回顾性分析2013 年10月~2015年10月本院外科病房收治并进行手术的340例患者的临床资料,探讨医院感染的危险因素,提出预防控制措施。结果 低龄患者与高龄患者医院感染率差异存在统计学意义(1.5% vs.10.3%,P<0.05),清洁切口与污染切口医院感染率差异存在统计学意义(1.2% vs.8.5%,P<0.05),手术时间<3 h与手术时间>3 h患者医院感染率差异存在统计学意义(2.0% vs.6.8%,P<0.05),住院时间<2周与住院时间>2周患者医院感染率差异存在统计学意义(2.2% vs.8.1%,P<0.05);外科病房340例患者中11例发生医院感染,感染率为3.2%,发生医院感染的部位及其构成比为呼吸道5例(45.5%)、泌尿道3例(27.3%)、颅内2例(11.2%)、胃肠道2例(11.2%)。结论 患者年龄、手术切口清洁程度、手术时间及住院时间是外科病房医院感染的重要影响因素,应采取有效预防控制措施,降低医院感染发生率。
【关键词】外科病房;医院感染;预防
Objective To analysis the risk factors of the hospital surgical patients infection in hospital wards,propose measures and provide scientific evidence for the effective control. Methods The clinical data of 340 patients with surgery from October 2013 to October 2015 in our hospital surgical wards were selected and discussed. Rsults The nosocomial infection rate between younger patients and elderly patients was significantly different(1.5% vs.10.3%,P<0.05),the nosocomial infection rate between clean cut and pollution cut was significantly different(1.2% vs.8.5%,P<0.05),the nosocomial infection rate between operation time less than 3 h and more than 3 h was significantly different(2.0% vs.6.8%,P<0.05),the nosocomial infection rate between hospitalization less than 2 weeks and more than 2 weeks was significantly different(2.2% vs.8.1%,P<0.05),the infection rate of surgical ward patients was 3.2%,hospital site of infection occur 5(45.5%)cases in respiratory tract,3(27.3%)cases in urinary tract,2(11.2%)cases in intracranial,2(11.2%)cases in gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion The patient's age,cleanliness of the surgical incision,operation time and hospitalization time are important factors of surgical ward hospital infection,effective measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection.
【Key words】 Surgical ward,Hospital infection,Prevention
外科患者一般病情较重,多存在手术创伤,且侵入性操作较多,身体抵抗力较差,外科病房的医院感染率位于医院各科室前列。患者发生感染,不仅影响病情恢复,而且延长患者的住院时间、增加患者的治疗费用,当患者被某些特殊菌群感染时,可严重威胁到患者的生命安全[1]。随着科学的发展和卫生事业的进步,人们对于医院感染的重视逐渐增加,如何降低患者的医院感染率已经成为医务工作者的重要任务。……
