李郡 俞准 刘政轩 张国强

摘要：针对当前建筑能耗基准确定及用能评价方法仍不完善的现状，提出了一种适用于住宅建筑的新方法。通过灰色关联分析确定了不同影响因素（即特征参数）与建筑能耗的关联度，将关联度作为该因素的权值并结合聚类分析对建筑进行合理分类。在此基础上采用累积频率分布法确定了每类建筑的能耗基准值，并对建筑住户进行用能评价。为验证该方法的可行性，将其应用于日本建筑学会所建立的住宅建筑能耗数据库，为聚类后的每类建筑确定了相应的能耗基准并对住户进行了用能评价。结果表明该方法能够综合考虑不同特征参数的影响大小，科学合理地对建筑细化分类，根据分类后的基准评价能够更好地评估住户的节能潜力并提供可行的节能建议。

关键词：基准；用能评价；聚类分析；灰色关联分析；住宅建筑

中图分类号：TU111.19

文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-4764（2016）02-0075-09

Abstract：To address the limitations of existing building energy benchmarking methods， a new method has been proposed for residential buildings. Grey relational analysis is used to define the correlation between different influencing factors （i.e.， typical parameters） and total building energy consumption. The correlation is used as the weights of corresponding factors. Based on the weighted parameters， Cluster Analysis is performed to classify buildings into different groups. For each group， Accumulative Frequency Distribution is then conducted to identify its energy benchmarking value. This value also makes it possible to evaluate the energy-saving potentials of different buildings. The method was applied to a residential building energy consumption database established by the Architecture Institute of Japan. The results show that the method can classify buildings into different groups by both taking into consideration various influencing factors of building energy consumption as well as their weights. It can also determine building energy benchmarking values for each group and helps identify energy-saving potential of buildings and provide energy-saving strategies for occupants.

Keywords：benchmarking； energy use evaluation； cluster analysis； grey relational analysis； residential buildings

加强建筑能源管理，合理评价建筑能耗水平是目前建筑节能的重要基础工作。建筑能耗基准可通过与其他同类建筑或与自身历史能耗对比进行确定[1]。很多学者对其进行了深入研究，主要评估方法包含以下3种：建筑分值评估法、模拟分析法和统计分析法[2]。建筑分值评估法是根据不同评价指标和标准对建筑各项性能进行评分，如美国绿色建筑LEED认证。该方法主要适用于单栋建筑性能评价，其主要局限是分值确定易受主观因素影响，并易因追求高分值导致采用不必要的建筑节能技术。……