基于原型理论的英语词典义项排列模式研究
2016-01-13李增垠
李增垠
摘要:多义词的义项划分与排列一直是词典编撰的难题,义项排列通常需要遵循一定的原则和方法。回顾了义项排列的历史发展、使用频率和逻辑关系三大基本原则及其利弊,同时还归纳了其他一些衍生的排列原则和方法。在此基础上,探讨了原型理论以及该理论在词典义项排列中的应用,指出借鉴原型理论能对义项排列起到一定的优化作用,可以作为其他排列方法的一种补充。在肯定原型义项排列法优点的同时,还讨论了其不足之处,其中最重要的一点便是原型义的确立原则和标准。
关键词:英语词典;原型理论;义项排列
中图分类号:H061
文献标识码:A文章编号:
16721101(2015)02008006
Abstract:Its difficult for lexicographer to divide and order senses of polysemy within entries in English dictionaries. Senses in dictionaries are usually arranged according to certain principles or methods. This paper reviews the three basic principles of sense ordering ——historical sequence, frequency and logical sequence——and their pros and cons as well. It also summarizes some other derivative principles and methods of sense ordering. On this basis, the paper explores the theory of prototype and the application of this theory in sense ordering of dictionaries. It is showed that the sense ordering model based on prototype theory plays an optimized role which can be used as a supplement for other sense ordering. Meanwhile, it also discusses its inadequacies and the most serious one concerns how to establish the principle and standard for prototypical sense.
Key words: English dictionary; prototype theory; sense ordering
一词多义是任何一种语言都十分普遍的现象,是任何一部词典不可回避的问题。一个多义词的意义少则几个,多则达十几个甚至几十个, 编纂词典时,这些不同的意义放在同一个词条里, 就必然产生孰先孰后的排序问题。由于多义词义项在词典中以何种方式排列直接影响到用户使用词典的效率,进而影响多义词的习得,因此义项排列被认为是词典编纂微观结构中的一个关键环节,词典编纂者在词典编纂过程中通常需要遵循一定的排列原则和方法。本文以英语词典为例, 在总结义项排列的基本原则和方法的基础上,着重探讨原型理论在词典义项排列中的应用及优势,同时,也指出其存在的缺陷和不足。
一、词典义项排列的基本方法和原则……p>
