合作原则的语用实例研究
2016-01-13汤红梅李大勤
汤红梅 李大勤
摘要:在一些被媒体关注的新闻事件中,虽然事件起因不大,但由于政府官员应对不当,向媒体发布了虚假信息,影响了政府的公信力。对“佛山式文明执法”事件进行了梳理和回顾;对合作原则的质准则与新闻报道的真实性进行了概述;对该事件执法方在媒体见面会上的话语进行了语用分析;对执法方是否在说谎,怎样说谎,为什么要说谎等问题进行了研究;对新闻报道内容的取舍问题也进行了研究;研究表明:官员和媒体都需坚持合作原则的“质准则”,不说自己认为是不真实的话,不说没有事实依据的话,为负面新闻报道的研究提供了一个新的视点。
关键词:突发事件; 合作原则; 质准则; 虚假信息; 媒体; 负面新闻报道
中图分类号:H030
文献标识码:A文章编号:
16721101(2015)02008606
Abstract: In some news events watched by the media, their causes are not significant. However, due to the medias strong interference, government officials would hastily issue false news to the public, thus affecting the governments credibility. This paper, taking “FoShanian Civilized Law Enforcement” as an example, firstly, reviews the whole event, then summarizes “Quality Maxim” of cooperative principle (CP) and the authenticity of news reporting, then pragmatically analyzes the discourse of the law enforcers in the first media conference to examine whether they are telling lies, and if so, their ways and causes of doing so based on CP, and finally expounds that the media may select the contents for report with Quality Maximum. Meanwhile, the paper also analyses that officials, while responding to medias querying, shall not violate “Quality Maxim” and release fake news but rely on the facts, or they shall be responsible for the damage to the governments credibility. The research suggests that both officials and the media should abide by “Quality Maxim” of CP, and avoid false and groundless words.
Key words:emergencies; Cooperative Principle (CP); Quality Maxim; fake news; media
一、“佛山式文明执法”事件回顾
2013年3月20日,佛山市多个部门联合执法,在一环路上治理车辆超载行为。一名违章司机岑耀斌在医院控诉执法人员对其进行殴打,相关部门召开媒体见面会,坚决否认暴力执法。同一事件,两种截然不同的说法,一方是被打受伤的货车司机,一方是执法部门。孰是孰非?媒体从安装在货车上的远程无线传输视频监控里发现了事情真相。视频显示货车靠边停下来,随后从那两辆执法车上陆续下来7名身着制服的工作人员。一名身穿制服男子从后面上来用手抱着岑的脖子,其他身穿制服的人员上前对其进行拳打脚踢。过了一会,几名执法人员将岑拖到路边按倒在地上继续踢打。……
