基于就业困境的聋人高职教学改革初探

王珍珍

(中州大学 特殊教育学院，郑州 450044)

摘要：聋人高等职业教育在国家政策的大力支持下，近几年获得了较大发展。但长期以来困扰聋人高等教育的就业难问题，却依然十分严峻，并整体上形成了以就业率偏低、专业不对口和高离职率为主要特征的就业困境。究其原因，有聋人大学生就业观念的问题，有学校教育改革有待深化的因素，也有企业与社会的偏见。高等学校作为聋人大学生和企业、社会对接的桥梁，无疑是突破聋人学生就业困境的核心环节。而要以聋人高职教学改革为突破口，便须打破原有教学模式，实现理论教学与实践教学、针对教学与融合教学、技能教学与素质教学、学校教学与企业教学以及在校教学与离校教学的“五结合”，以促进聋人大学生就业观的务实性转变和自身综合能力的针对性提高。

关键词：聋人大学生；高等职业教育；就业；教学改革

收稿日期：2015-06-30

作者简介：王珍珍(1981—)，女，河南永城人，中州大学特殊教育学院讲师，研究方向：聋人艺术教育。

DOI：10.13783/j.cnki.cn41-1275/g4.2015.04.029

中图分类号：G762

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-3715(2015)04-0125-04

Abstract：With the support of national policy, higher vocational education for the deaf has made great development in recent years. But the long-standing problem of employment difficulties for the higher vocational education for the deaf is still serious. The employment predicament for the deaf college students includes the low employment rate, the professional mismatch, and the high turnover rate, etc. By investigation, we can find that there are many different reasons such as the employment idea of the deaf college students, the reform of the school education needs to deepen, the prejudices of enterprises and society. Because college is the bridge between the deaf students and enterprises and society, college education is undoubtedly to be the core to break the employment predicament for the deaf college students. But with the teaching reform of higher vocational education for the deaf as breakthrough, we must reform the educational pattern to promote five combinations in details, the theory teaching and the practice teaching, target teaching and integration teaching, skill teaching and quality teaching, school teaching and enterprise teaching, school teaching and graduation teaching. Under the promotion of school education reform, the employment idea of the deaf college students will be pragmatically transformed, and their comprehensive ability will be targetedly improved.

近几年，在《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010—2020)》《特殊教育提升计划(2014—2016)》等系列政策和措施有序实施的推动下，聋人高职教育获得了前所未有的发展机遇：教育投资大幅增加，基础设施日趋完善，教师队伍结构渐趋合理。但是，聋人大学毕业生就业困难的问题并没有随之得到有效解决，依然十分严峻。……