APP下载

油茶籽粕酱油制曲工艺优化及其微生物群落分析

2025-08-07姜兴旭侯璐璐朱静侯双双

中国调味品 2025年7期
关键词:黄豆酱油淀粉酶

中图分类号:TS264.21 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-9973(2025)07-0108-07

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9973.2025.07.016

Optimization of Koji Making Process of Camellia oleifera Seed Meal Soy Sauce and Analysis of Its Microbial Community

JIANG Xing-xu1,HOU Lu-lu²,ZHU Jing1*,HOU Shuang-shuang1 (1.College of Food Science and Engineering,Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464ooo,China; 2. College of Management,Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University,Xinyang 464Ooo,China)

Abstract: Camellia oleifera seed meal has high protein content and can be used as protein source for soy sauce koji making.Therefore,with Camellia oleifera seed meal and soybean as the raw materials,the ratio of raw materials (soybean : Camellia oleifera seed meal),Aspergillus oryzae inoculation amount, watering time,koji-making temperature and koji-making time as the factors,neutral protease activity, α -amylase activity and number of spores as the indexes,fuzzy mathematics comprehensive evaluation method and response surface method are used to optimize the koji making process of Camellia oleifera seed meal soy sauce. The optimal process is the ratio of raw materials of 4:1 ,Aspergillus oryzae inoculation amount of 0.4% ,watering time of and koji-making temperature of 32∘C .After determination,the neutral protease activity is (3763.39±25.18 ) U/g ,the α -amylase activity is (2916.90±17.64)U/mL ,and the number of spores is (2.0000±0.1000)×109/g . The dominant bacterial communities of Camellia oleifera seed meal soy sauce koji are Weissella,Kurthia and Aspergillus.

Key words: Camellia oleifera seed meal; fuzzy mathematics; soy sauce;koji making; microbial community analysis

油茶(Camelliaoleifera)是我国特有的木本油料植物,其产量和产值逐年稳步增长,有重要的经济价值[1]。油茶籽粕是油茶榨油后的副产物,富含营养物质,包括蛋白质、茶皂素、糖类和多酚等,其蛋白质含量为 12%~15% ,含有17种氨基酸,其中7种是人体必需氨基酸,油茶籽粕是一种潜在的优质植物蛋白资源 [2-3] 。此外,油茶籽粕中含有多种抗菌成分,如皂苷类、多糖类、黄酮类等,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、黑曲霉、米曲霉、枯草芽孢杆菌等致病菌均有较好的抑制作用[4-7]。目前对于油茶籽粕的研究多集中于其功能成分的提取[8-9],很少有关于油茶籽粕发酵制品制备的研究。酱油是我国传统的酿造调味品,其风味独特且营养丰富。酱油以黄豆和豆粕等植物蛋白为主要原料,以淀粉为辅料,经米曲霉制曲发酵酿制而成。油茶籽粕蛋白质含量丰富,可以作为酱油制曲的蛋白原料。此外,以牡丹籽粕、花生粕、核桃粕、秋葵籽粕和薏仁碎米等为原料生产酱油均有报道[10-14]。酱油制曲是酿造酱油的基础,高品质的成曲是生产优质酱油的重要条件。虽然制曲在整个生产过程中所占时间较短,但其所生产的优势菌和丰富的酶系为酱醪发酵提供了必要条件[15-16]。有研究表明,酱醪发酵初期存在的大部分挥发性风味物质可能是在制曲发酵阶段产生的[17]

为提高油茶籽粕的利用率,本试验以原料配比(黄豆:油茶籽粕)米曲霉接种量、润水时间、制曲温度……

登录APP查看全文

猜你喜欢

黄豆酱油淀粉酶
酱油中的晶体
人间至味:四川麻婆豆腐
最爱家乡的“猫余”
血清淀粉酶、白细胞及C反应蛋白联合检验在急性胰腺炎诊断中的应用价值
酱油风味影响因素的研究进展
不同手术时机治疗胆源性胰腺炎的效果及并发症发生情况分析
重症急性胰腺炎并发急性肺损伤危险因素的Meta分析
夏至雨涟
油菜花粉和松花粉对西花蓟马消化酶活性及其基因表达量的影响
警惕“零添加”酱油背后的钠危机