酱油风味影响因素的研究进展
2025-08-07高苏娟涂世伟赵文红钱敏白卫东卢丽玲
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9973.2025.07.035
中图分类号:TS264.21 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-9973(2025)07-0235-06
Research Progress on Influencing Factors of Soy Sauce Flavor
GAO Su-juan¹,TU Shi-wei1, ZHAO Wen-hong1,QIAN Min1,BAI Wei-dong1*,LU Li-ling² (1.College of Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 5lo225,China;2.Guangdong Pearl River Bridge Bio-Tech Co.,Ltd.,Zhongshan ,China)
Abstract: The formation of soy sauce flavor is a complex fermentation process,in which raw materials and fermentation processes provide the material basis and fermentation conditions for soy sauce brewing. The various taste and flavor substances produced by the metabolism of synergistic action of microorganisms form the most basic flavor of soy sauce. Among them,Aspergillus oryzae,lactic acid bacteria and yeast play an important role. In this paper,the effects of soy sauce brewing raw materials and the two commonly used fermentation processes in modern soy sauce industry on soy sauce flavor,the effects of three types of main microorganisms on the flavor substances in soy sauce,and the correlation among aroma components are summarized.Moreover, prospects are made for improving soy sauce quality by regulating the influencing factors of soy sauce flavor in the future.
Key words: raw materials; microorganism; fermentation process; soy sauce flavor
酱油是一种以大豆、小麦或麸皮为原料,通过高温蒸煮、制曲等工艺经微生物发酵而成的液体调味品,在我国具有悠久的酿造历史,之后传入日本、韩国等亚洲国家,其色泽红润、香气浓郁,具有良好的增味提鲜效果,因此广受大众的喜爱[1-2]。近年来,随着餐饮业和食品工业的发展,酱油已经成为十分重要的调味品,并且酱油的酿造工艺和功能也随着市场需求的增大更加丰富,黄超[3分析认为酱油行业在未来的成长空间和估值还将进一步提高,市场格局也将进一步扩大。在国际市场,我国的酱油产品相较于日式酱油在原料的蛋白质利用率和氨基酸转化率上存在一定差距,另外,中国传统酱油香气成分中含有丰富的吡嗪类化合物,而日式酱油中的香气成分则以酯类为主[4-5]。
酱油酿造是在各种微生物群落及其酶系协同作用下的复杂代谢过程,目前国内外研究普遍认为参与酱油酿造的主要微生物包括霉菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌三类[6-7]。酱油中富含大量风味物质并且具有一定的生理功能,冯云子等[8总结了酱油中的香气挥发性物质和非挥发性物质分别有202种和230种,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降血压、降尿酸等功能特性。本文总结了酱油酿造原料及高盐稀态发酵和低盐固态发酵这两种酿造工艺对酱油风味的影响,并对酱油酿造过程中起主要作用的三类微生物相关的挥发性风味物质以及对酱油风味的影响进行了综述,以期为开发优质酱油提供一定参考。……
