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盐焗鸡卤汁酶解回收液的浓缩工艺优化及其成分分析

2025-08-07莫云锋成亚斌易熠刘慧婷黎海彬宋贤良

中国调味品 2025年7期
关键词:卤汁真空度挥发性

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9973.2025.07.002

中图分类号:TS201.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-9973(2025)07-0007-07

Optimization of Concentration Process of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Recovery Liquid of Salt-Baked Chicken Marinade and Component Analysis

MO Yun-feng1,CHENG Ya-bin1,YI Yi1 ,LIU Hui-ting1 , LI Hai-bin²,SONG Xian-liang1 * (1.College of Food Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 51O642,China; 2.Guangdong Yahe Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Qingyuan 530ooo,China)

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of concentration and utilization of enzymatic hydrolysis recovery liquid of salt-baked chicken marinade,the marinade after 7 times of braising is used as theraw material.Response surface method combined with vacuum depressurization concentration process is used to explore the effects of concentration vacuum degree,concentration temperature and concentration time on volume fraction ratio of concentration,and to analyze the types and content of basic components,amino acids and volatile components in the marinade before and after concentration. The results show that the optimal concentration process conditions are concentration vacuum degree of 0.089MPa ,concentration temperature of 66∘C and concentration time of 85min . The volume fraction ratio of concentration is (20号 94.77% under these conditions. After concentration,the content of protein (8.12g/100g) ),the content of amino acid nitrogen ′425.96mg/100mL )and the content of NaCl 0 19.43% )all increase by about 5.O times compared to those before concentration. After concentration,there are 33 types of free amino acids. The total content of free amino acids ( ⋅50054.96mg/L) increases by 3.91 times,the total content of essential amino acids 5625.20mg/L) increases by 1.73 times,the total content of umami amino acids (37795.57mg/L) increases by 4. 54 times,and the total content of pharmaceutical amino acids ( 38515.88mg/L) (20 increases by 4.96 times. After concentration,there are 23 volatile compounds,including 7 kinds of hydrocarbons (3.79%) ,4kindsofaldehydes (9.64%) ),5kinds of esters (19.39%) ,3kinds of acids(11. 30% ), 3 kinds of ketones (49.19% )and1kindof alcohol (0.71%) .After response surface method optimization, the process parameters are reasonable and reliable,and the nutrient content in the concentrated marinate is improved,laying a good foundation for the concentration process of enzymatic hydrolysis recovery liquid of salt-baked chicken marinade.

Key words:marinade;concentration;free amino acid;volatile component

盐焗鸡是岭南地区极具特色的传统风味鸡肉制品[1],起源于广东东江地区,距今已有300多年的历史[2],因其具有皮香肉滑、色泽诱人等特点深受消费者喜爱。常见的盐焗鸡制作方法包括盐焗法、气焗法和水焗法等[3],在工业生产中多采用水焗法[4]。水焗法是指将鸡肉和卤汁一起卤煮,该方法不仅简单,而且能保留皮爽、骨香的特点,因此有着广阔的市场前景[5]。鸡肉含有丰富的蛋白质,脂肪含量低,因此营养价值较高[]。随着卤煮时间的延长,蛋白质和脂肪等大分子物质会从鸡肉中转移到卤汁中[,经过热反应,分解成小分子物质后相互作用,形成一定的稳定结构体系[8]。

然而,在生产过程中,由于卤汁会循环使用,使得卤汁中的蛋白质含量逐渐达到饱和,冷却后形成蛋白陈[9]影响卤汁的品质,所以工厂会将其当作废弃物排放,但这不仅污染环境,而且浪费资源。目前,对于鸡肉制品卤汁的研究主要集中在对其营养和风味物质的探究方面[10-13],而浓缩回收利用的研究未见报道。

浓缩的过程主要通过加热,在此过程中蛋白质会因受热而分解成氨基酸。氨基酸是重要的风味前体物质[14],其能与还原糖发生反应,生成醛类、酮类等物质[15],加热时脂质和硫胺素也会降解[16],生成一系列的风味物质,对卤汁的最终风味产生重要的影响[7]。浓缩还能去除物料中的大部分水分,达到减少物料体积和质量、降低储运成本的作用[18],从而提高企业的生产效率,也能有效地解决卤汁排放污染环境等问题。……

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