中图分类号：TS219 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-9973（2025）07-0014-08

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-9973.2025.07.003

Optimization of Preparation and Antioxidant Functions of Ultrafine Ganoderma lucidum Spore Meal Replacement Powder by Response Surface Methodology

QIU Tao-tao1，WEI Yan-xin'，DENG Zhi-yong²，LI Jing-rong¹ ， ZHANG Ling1，ZHAO Sheng-mei1 ，JIANG Xiao-yan （1.College of Physical Education and Health，Guangxi Normal University，Guilin 541004，China; 2.School of Life Sciences，Guangxi Normal University，Guilin 541o04，China；3.Guilin Daye Lingyu Biotechnology Co.，Ltd.，Guilin ，China）

Abstract： Functional meal replacement powder is a hot product in the field of health food research and development. In this study，based on the unique bioactivities of Ganoderma lucidum and water chestnut， with untrafine Ganoderma lucidum spore powder，water chestnut powder，oat powder，skimmed milk powder and soy protein isolate powder as the raw materials，the sensory score as the index，single factor test and Box-Behnken test are used to optimize the formula of ultrafine Ganoderma lucidum spore meal replacement powder，and its antioxidant functions and blending characteristics are investigated. The results show that the optimal formula of basic meal replacement powder is 24.24% water chestnut powder， 25.33% oat powder， 25.13% skimmed milk powder and 25.30% soy protein isolate powder；the formula of ultrafine Ganoderma lucidum spore meal replacement powder is adding 4% ultrafine Ganoderma lucidum spore powder into basic meal replacement powder. The total antioxidant capacity of ultrafine Ganoderma lucidum spore meal replacement powder is （3.74±0.13） ） μmol/g ， indicating that it has strong antioxidant activity，and the solubility and dispersibility of meal replacement powder are both beter than those of commercially available grain meal replacement powder. This study can provide references for the development and utilization of advantageous characteristic agricultural resources such as Ganoderma lucidum and water chestnut in Guangxi.

Key words： ultrafine Ganoderma lucidum spore powder;meal replacement powder; response surface design；formula optimization；antioxidation

代餐粉作为一种热量低、食用便捷、营养丰富、易饱腹的食品，已成为肥胖、糖尿病、高脂血症等慢性病的重要干预手段，日益受到消费者青睐[1]。功能性代餐粉是在普通代餐粉的基础上添加药食同源植物，利用药食同源植物的活性成分赋予代餐粉调节机体功能，起到预防、治疗疾病和促进健康的作用。目前已开发乌天麻、芫根藜麦、桑叶、牡蛎肽和花色苷等功能性代餐粉[2-5]，满足了消费者干预慢性病的需要。

荸荠，又称地栗、乌芋等，素有“地下雪梨\"和“江南人参\"的美誉，主要产自，其中市和贺州市的荸荠产量占全国总产量的 70% 。荸荠富含多糖、粗纤维、蛋白质、维生素、皂苷、多酚、钙、磷、铁等营养元素，具有抗氧化、抑菌、治疗糖尿病、抗癌等功效[7-8]。新鲜的荸荠具有脂香、蜡香、蜂蜜香等气味特征，经蒸煮后荸荠呈现出甜香、清香、果香等气味特征。目前，已经成功开发出荸荠饮品、发酵品、罐装食品、糕点等类型食品，深受消费者喜爱[9-12]。荸荠的天然风味特征和生物活性使其成为制备代餐粉的理想原料。

灵芝为药食同源的大型真菌，是驰名中外的名贵药材，主要包含三萜类、多糖、生物碱、核昔、甾体、蛋白质、多肽和氨基酸等活性成分[13]。《神农本草经》和《本草纲目》均记载灵芝具有益心气、益肺气、安神、利关节、强筋骨、抗虚劳短气等功效。现代医学研究已证实灵芝具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、调节免疫功能、抗衰老、抗菌、防治心血管疾病等作用[14]。……