三七趁鲜加工品质研究
2025-08-03王佳佳张建强苟晨夕曹艳王思宇赖鑫
引用格式:,等.三七趁鲜加工品质研究[J].湖南农业科学,2025(6):78-84.DOI:10.16498/j.cnki.hnnykx.2025.006.014
中图分类号:R282.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-060X(2025)06-0078-07
Fresh Processing Quality of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen
WANG Jia-jia, ZHANG Jian-qiang,GOU Chen-xi,CAO Yan,WANG Si-yu,LAI Xin (College of Resources and Environment,Aba Teachers College,Aba 623oo2,PRC)
Abstract:Inthisstudythedryingtime,appearancetraits,andactiveingredientcontentofPanax notoginseng(urk.)F.H.Chen were taken as the evaluation indexes to compare the efects of sun-drying of whole roots,drying of whole roots at 50% , sun-drying after fresh cutting,and drying at 50% after fresh cuting on the quality of 3- to 5-year-old plants.The entropy weight method was used to comprehensivelyevaluate the qualityof thedecoction pieces.Theresults showed thatalthoughthe5-year-old plant wholeroot dried at 50% had the highest comprehensive score, the decoction pieces showed severe shrinkage, with appearance of cracked pieces andhollow pieces,demonstratingporapparance.Dryingafterfreshcutingnotonlyshorteedthedryingtimebutalsoimprovedthe appearance of decoction pieces and maintained the content of active ingredients. Particularly, drying at 50% after fresh cutting demonstrated the best performance. Considering the actual production and sales demand, drying at 50% after fresh cutting is recommended as the optimal processing method.
Key words: Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen; fresh processing; total saponins; appearance traits
三七[Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen]是我国传统中药材,为五加科人参属草本植物,又名金不换、田七、血参等,主要分布于云南和广西等地,其中云南文山州是三七的道地产区,被誉为“中国三七之乡”。其主要药用部位为根部,呈类圆锥形或圆柱形,表皮有灰褐色或黄色瘤状突起,质地坚实,切开后断面为灰绿、灰白或黄绿色。三七味甘、微苦,性温,主要归肝经和胃经,具有止血散瘀、消肿定痛和保护心血管等功效[2]。三七的化学成分复杂,主要包括三七皂苷、三七素、糖类、挥发油和黄酮等[3]。研究表明,三七可辅助治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病[4,与双抗血小板药物联用可增强抗血栓效果并减轻胃损伤[5],还能通过调控miR-194-MAPK通路的高甲基化减轻冠心病症状[
药材初加工是采收到形成商品药材的关键环节,直接影响药材质量[。三七的传统加工方法主要是在原产地干燥后研磨成粉,这种方法存在明显缺陷:整根干燥耗时耗力,易造成霉变;未经清洗直接干燥会导致药材表面黏附大量尘土,且存在重金属和农药残留超标的风险[8]。虽然2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》规定三七需洗净后将主根、支根及根茎分开干燥,但实际操作中清洗后干燥不充分易滋生霉菌,因此中药制药企业通常选择购买已干燥的三七,清洗后进行二次烘干处理,这不仅增加了生产成本,还会造成有效成分流失和药材损伤[。趁鲜切制是在药材采集地将刚采收(或经初步干燥处理)的中药材切片、切段、切块,再进行干燥的方法[10-1]。……
