美洲大蠊养殖废弃物有氧堆肥研究
2025-08-03孔令芳李文萍李云飞朱缘
中图分类号:S141.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-060X(2025)06-0032-04
引用格式:孔令芳,李文萍,李云飞,等.美洲大蠊养殖废弃物有氧堆肥研究[J].湖南农业科学,2025(6):32-35,51.DOI:10.16498/j.cnki.hnnykx.2025.006.006
Aerobic Composting of Periplaneta americana Farming Waste
KONG Ling-fang1,2.34,LI Wen-ping³,LI Yun-fei³, ZHU Yuan³
(1.YunnanProvincialKeyLaboratoryofEntomologicalBiopharmaceuticalRamp;D,Dali University,Dali 6,C; 2.National-LcalJointEngineeringResearchCenterofntomoceutics,DaliUvesityDali6,RC;3.Cllgeof Agriculture andBiologyScience,Dali University,Dali 67oo3,PRC; 4.KeyLaboratoryforAgroecologyinErhai Lake Watershed of the Department of Education of Yunnan Province,Dali 671oo3,PRC)
Abstract:This study aims to develop amethod for harmless treatmentof Periplaneta americana farming waste.Two compost treatments of P. americana farming waste and P. americana farmingwaste + straw were designed.The dynamic changes in temperature,nutrientcontent,organic matercontent,seed germination index,and deathrateofascarid eggs beforeandafter composting were monitored. The results showed that the composting of P. americana farming waste + strawdemonstrated a good temperature-rising effect, with the highest temperature reaching 67% . After composting, the content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, andtotal potassiuminthecompostofachtreatmentincreased,whiletatofrganicmaterdecreased.Allompostproductswere fullydecomposed.Theseed germinationindexandthedeathrateofascarideggsineachtreatmentaftercompostingmaturitymethe standards for organic fertilizer.The product of the P. americana farmingwaste + straw treatment reached the organic matter content of 71.36% and total nutrient content of 11.81% (total nitrogen 5.60% , total phosphorus 3.69% , and total potassium 2.52% ),and thus it can be used as a safe and reliable organic fertilizer.
Keywords:Periplanetaamericana farmingwaste;straw;compostingmaturity;seedgerminationindex;compostingquality
美洲大蠊(PeriplanetaamericanaL.),俗称蟑螂、菜婆虫、偷油婆,是蜚蠊科大蠊属昆虫[1-3]。美洲大蠊虽携带痫疾、伤寒、霍乱和阿米巴病等多种疾病的病原体[4,但现代药理学研究表明其体内活性成分具有抗肿瘤、抗肝损伤、促进组织修复和提高免疫力等功效[5-7]。目前以美洲大蠊提取物为主要成分的康复新液、心脉隆注射液和肝龙胶囊等制剂已广泛应用于烧烫伤、胃溃疡及心脑血管疾病的临床治疗[8。此外,美洲大蠊虫体蛋白质含量高达 70% 其虫体和卵荚可作为优质蛋白源,为水产养殖和畜禽养殖提供高档饲料来源。由于美洲大蠊繁殖能力强、易于养殖且应用前景广泛,我国美洲大蠊人工养殖业迅速兴起并蓬勃发展[
美洲大蠊养殖产业在创造经济价值的同时,也产生了大量养殖废弃物,主要包括制药提取后的残渣和养殖过程中的排泄物。这些养殖废弃物在堆积过程中不仅会产生难闻的气味,而且含有大量虫卵、幼虫和病原菌。目前这些副产物的处理方式以直接丢弃、还田和饲料化利用为主,这些粗放的处理方式存在环境污染风险。美洲大蠊粪便中氮磷钾含量和有机质含量丰富,是极具开发潜力的生物资源,然而,国内尚未建立安全、经济的无害化处理体系,这些潜在的生物资源未能得到有效利用。虽然堆肥化处理是最常见的有机废弃物处理方式[10],但现有技术仍存在资源利用率低、开发不充分等问题,因此,亟需开发科学高效的资源化利用技术。……
