春化处理对朝鲜蓟现蕾时间和产量的影响
2025-08-03彭富星王新月宋世霞艾辛
引用格式:,等.春化处理对朝鲜蓟现蕾时间和产量的影响[J].农业科学,2025(6):26-31.DOI:10.16498/j.cnki.hnnykx.2025.006.005
中图分类号:S644.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-060X(2025)06-0026-06
Effects ofVernalizationon theBudding Timeand Yield ofArtichokes
PENG Fu-xing,WANG Xin-yue,SONG Shi-xia,AI Xin (CollgefureuatualUesitobtoteoloatoalC Innovation and Molecular Breeding,Changsha ,PRC)
Abstract:Thisstudyaimstoinvestigatetheefectsofvernalizationonthebuddingtimeandyieldofartichokes.Theartichoke varieties'Green'andmperialStar'wereplantedintisstudy.Tephenologicalperiod,plntmorphologicaltraits,fistbudtraits, andyieldofartichokes veralizedwithdiferentmethodsandfordiferenttimeperiodswerecompared.Theresultsshowedthatboth plumule-vemalizatioandseeding-vealzationfor14and21dayssignificantlysorteedthetimetobudding,boltig,andhaest, with'Gren'hvingthehortestietouddng(45.48d)after21dofsedingvealizationandmperalStar'avingthesotest timetobudding(143.20d)after14dofplumule-veralizatio.Bothplumule-vemalizationandseding-vemalizationsuppressedthe growthofplantheight,leaflegthleafith,stedmeterfstbudameter,udngthfowerbudeightandpedicelte. Compared with the treatment without vernalization, 14d of plumule-vernalization increased the number of buds per plant by 18.59% (2 and 26.74% and the yield by 20.92% and 19.34% for'Green' and 'Imperial Star',respectively. Seeding-vernalization for 21 d increased the number of buds per plant by 28.01% and 14.09% and the yield by 22.13% and 15.24% for 'Green' and'Imperial Star',respectively. Overall, 14d of plumule-vemalizationand21dof seeding-vernalization demonstrate similar yield-increasing efects,while plumulevernalization has simpler operation and lower seedling cultivation cost. Therefore, 14d of plumule-vernalization can be adopted in the cultivation of artichokes in Hunan.
Keywords:artichokes;vernalization;budding time;yield
朝鲜蓟(CynarascolymusL.),又称菜蓟、菊蓟、洋蓟、洋百合等,为菊科菜蓟属多年生草本植物[1]。朝鲜蓟的花蕾是主要食用部分,不仅含有蛋白质、胡萝卜素、维生素、矿物元素及多种人体必需氨基酸,而且富含朝鲜蓟素和黄酮类活性物质,具有保护肝脏、抗氧化、调节血脂和辅助控糖等功效,深受消费者青睐[2-4]。露地栽培的朝鲜蓟需经历漫长的冬季自然春化过程,通常5月初开始采收鲜蕾,6月下旬采收结束,采收期较短,难以满足市场需求[5-6]。
研究表明,冬性植物的现蕾开花过程往往需要春化作用,植物春化又可分为绿体春化型和种子春化型[7]。部分植物通过种子春化或绿体春化可获得相当的成花诱导效果,但在特殊基因型中采用绿体春化更能有效促进开花[8]。此外,不同物种所需的最适春化条件也有所不同,如萝卜春性系品种在 12.2~ 24.6°C 即可完成春化,而冬性系品种的萌动种子需在 2~4∘C 下处理10d才能实现播种后35d现蕾[]。人工春化处理不仅能加快植物发育进程、缩短育种周期,还可以提高作物产量。例如,青花菜经适宜的人工春化处理后,其产量和品质均得到了提升[10];对蚕豆进行人工春化处理则可延长采收期并提高产量[]
虽然我国引种栽培朝鲜蓟已有多年,但现有研究多集中于引种栽培技术[12-14]和功能成分分析[15-18]等方面,关于人工春化处理技术在朝鲜蓟生产方面的应用研究仍鲜有报道。……
