不同配方基肥对植烟土壤微生物及烟叶品质的影响
2025-08-03郭婷郭维李思军裴隆李小慧张胜樊士军彭斯文
中图分类号:S143 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-060X(2025)06-0036-09
引用格式:,等.不同配方基肥对植烟土壤微生物及烟叶品质的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2025(6):36-44
DOI:10.16498/j.cnki.hnnykx.2025.006.007
Effects of Different Base Fertilizers on Microbial Community Structure of Tobacco-Planting Soil and Quality ofFlue-Cured Tobacco
GUO Ting¹,LI Si-jun¹,PEI Long²,GUO Wei³,LI Xiao-hui4, ZHANG Sheng5,FAN Shi-jun’,PENG Si-wen (1.ChenzhouBranchofHunanTobaccoCompany,Chenzhou430oo,RC;2.CangdeBranchofHunanTobaccoCompanyCngde 415009,PRC;3.HengyangBranchofHunanTobaccoCompanyHengyang41Ooo,RC;4.YongzhouBranchofHunanobacco Company,Yongzho4250o,C; 5.XiangxiBranchofHnanTbacoCopanyJshou467oo,RC;6.Hnandemyf Agricultural Sciences,Changsha,PRC)
Abstract:Thisstudyaimstoreveal theefectsofapplyingbasefertilizeronsoilmicrobialcommunitystructureandtobaoqualt. Thefield experiment wasconducted withthetobaco variety'Yunyan 87'.Ablock design wasadopted tocompare themicrobial communitystructureandmetabolitesin therhizospheresoiloftobaccoatthe maturitystagebetweenthefertilizationtreatments of currentlyusedbase fertilizerandnewbase fertilizer.Inadition,the mainchemicalcomponentsofcured tobaccoleavs were determined.Theresultsshowed tattheabundanceofbeneficialmicrorganisms wasincreasedbythenewbasefertilizertreatment. Particularly, the T2 treatment (N 9.21% P2O5 (204号 15.25% , K2O (204号 7.53% )significantly increased the fungal diversity. This treatment increasedtheabundanceoffungalphylasuchasBasidiomycotaandChytridiomycotaandsignificantlyenhancedtheabundanceof bacterialgenerasuchasRodanobacterandphngobum.Furthemore,theTtreatmentisedthevelsofmetabolitessuchaspids organicacidsorganicoxygen-containgompounds,andpolyketides.Indion,tistreatmentdemonstratedthebestpfoance incoordinatigchemicalcomponentsandimprovngthequalityoftobacco.Insummary,theaplcationof tenewbasefertlerNo. 2wasmorecodcivetoeicroeoloicalregulatiooftetbacoplatingsoladteimprovemetoftobaccoqualityinesdea Key words:fertilization;base fertilizer; microbial communitystructure; bacterial community; tobacco quality
湖南是我国典型浓香型烟叶的重要产区。近年来,湖南烟区烟叶生产呈现土地利用高度集约化的特点,农户片面追求产量,长期过量施用化肥,导致植烟土壤质量和结构逐步下降[1-3],养分均衡供应能力减弱,土壤微环境恶化,微生物种群和功能多样性衰减[4d。这些问题造成烟叶品质下降、内在化学成分欠协调,严重制约了浓香型烟叶优质生产的可持续发展[7-9]。因此,优化施肥策略,改善土壤微生物群落结构,改良植烟土壤微环境,对推动湖南烟区烟叶生产高质量发展具有重要意义。
烟草专用配方基肥以优质有机肥和无机肥为原料,添加氨基酸、腐殖酸和活性剂等,根据烤烟的营养特点和需肥规律,经特殊工艺加工而成。该肥料具有养分释放、改良土壤、增产稳质等特点[9-10],已在我国烟区得到广泛应用。研究表明,烟草专用配方基肥能有效提高烟叶产量[11-13]和肥料利用率[14]、降低生产成本[15],同时改善株高、茎围等农艺性状[16-17],延长烟草生育期,对提升烟叶品质和经济效益具有积极作用[18-19]
然而,湖南烟区当前主要使用的仍是20世纪初研发的有机无机活性专用基肥。随着现代肥料工艺的不断进步,以及植烟土壤和产地环境的变化,现有专用基肥亟待升级换代。针对该问题,本研究通过优化有机物料配方、调整营养元素配比、增加与复配增益微生物等措施,研制新型烟草专用配方基肥,探究新型烟草专用配方基肥对烟草根际土壤微生物群落结构及烟叶化学品质的影响,旨在为调控植烟土壤微生态、改善烟叶品质提供科学支撑,并优化基肥施用技术。……
