中图分类号：S541.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-0435（2025）07-2150-12

doi：10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.07.011

引用格式：，等．紫花苜蓿氮效率差异对其根际土壤养分特性及微生物群落特征的影响[J].草地学 报，2025，33（7） ：2150—2161 HE Sheng-ran，LIU Xiao-jing，HAN Tian-hu，etal.Efctsof Alfalfa NitrogenEfficiency DifferencesonNutrient Characteristicsand Microbial Community Characteristicsof Rhizosphere Soil[J].ActaAgrestia Sinica，2O25，33（7）： 2150—2161

Effects of Alfalfa Nitrogen Efficiency Differences on Nutrient Characteristics and Microbial Community Characteristics of Rhizosphere Soil

HE Sheng-ran1，LIU Xiao-jingl*，HAN Tian-hu²，ZHAO Ya-jiao1，HANYan-longl

（1.PratacultallsalUsiKbortataculostucairc

neringLaboratoryfGsuProviceTheSinU..CentersfoGraziglandEossteSustainabilityLanzou，GansuProvice， China;2.ColegeofastoralAgricultureScienceandTechnologyLanzouUniversityanzhou，GansuProvince730ina）

Abstract：Toexplore the effects of diferent nitrogen eficiency ofalfalfa onnutrient characteristics and microbial community characteristics of rhizosphere soil，this study took alfalfa with high nitrogen effciency （ ⋅_LW6010， ） and alfalfawith low nitrogen eficiency（‘Longdong’alfalfa）as experimental materials，and studied the effects of nitrogen application on its rhizosphere soil nutrients and enzymes under the conditions of no nitrogen （N₀ ）and 103.5kg⋅hm^-2 （pure N）. The results showed that under two nitrogen levels，the rhizosphere soil total nitro gen，available nitrogen，organic matter，microbial biomasscarbon content and enzyme activityof nitrogen-efficient type alfalfa ‘ LW6010^′ were significantly higher than those of nitrogen-inefficient alfalfa type‘Longdong' alfalfa，while pH value was significantly lower than‘Longdong’alfalfa （ ⋅Plt;0.05） .Under the treatment of nitrogen application，the richnessand diversity index of rhizosphere soil bacterial communityof nitrogen-efficient type alfalfa ^∘LW6010^∘ were higher than those of nitrogen-inefficient type alfalfa‘Longdong’alfalfa.In summary，nutrient content and soil enzyme activity of nitrogen-eficient alfalfa ‘ LW6010^′ were significantly higher than those of nitrogen-ineficient alfalfa‘Longdong’alfalfa，and theabundance of beneficialbacteria， such as Proteobacteria，Bacteroidetes and Pseudomonas，etc.，in rhizosphere soil of ⋅_LW6010， was higher than that of‘Longdong’ alfalfa，which was more conducive to improving soil fertility.

Keywords：Alfalfa;Nitrogen eficiency type;Rhizosphere soil nutrients;Rhizosphere microbial community char acteristics

氮素在作物产量和品质等方面起着至关重要的作用，近年来人们为了追求高产，在农田环境中大量施加氮肥，氮肥施用量逐年攀升。然而，这种做法在提高产量的同时也带来了严峻的环境问题[1]。氮肥的过量使用不仅会导致农业生产成本大幅度上升2，还会导致土壤盐碱化、土壤板结，以及土壤污染等问题[3-4]。研究表明同一作物不同品种对氮素吸收和利用效率存在着显著差异[5-6]。因此，在基于增产和环境保护的双重需求下，选育氮高效品种已经成为当前作物高效生产的研究热点。

根际是指植物根系与土壤紧密接触并且相互影响的微生态环境，也是土壤-根系-微生物相互作用最为活跃的区域，它是实现土壤和植物营养交换的门户，对于维持土壤生态系统的健康和稳定具有重要意义[7-8]。在根际微域中，植物根系向根际溢泌根系分泌物、质子以及大量的有机物质，而根际微生物分解植物残体并参与有机物的分解、矿化等过程，为植物提供必需的养分[9]，此外根际微生物还能够通过抑制病原菌的生长和繁殖来抵御逆境胁迫，保护植物免受病害的侵袭[10]。不同氮效率作物的遗传特性及其对土壤中营养元素的选择吸收存在差异，进而对其的生长发育产生影响[11-12]。同时宿主品种的不同也会使得根系分泌物种类和数量产出发生变化，并改变了其根际土壤酶活性和根区微生物群落的组成[13-14]。……