中图分类号：X52 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-060X（2025）06-0052-07

引用格式：，等.南湖流域典型支流面源污染负荷时空变化分析与模拟[J].湖南农业科学，2025（6）：52-58

DOI：10.16498/j.cnki.hnnykx.2025.006.009

Analysis and Simulation of Spatio-Temporal Variations of Non-Point Source Pollution Loads in Typical Tributaries of the Nanhu Lake Basin

LIUKang¹，YU Peng-yue¹，SUNXin-ping²，ZOUGao-feng³，WU Yi4，ZOUTao5， HUANG Ying1，FEI Jiang-chi1

（1.HunanAcuualUsitC;urallteterfCt PRC; 3.AgricultureandRural Affirs BureauofNingxiang CityChangsha 410699，PRC; 4.Meitanba TounAgricultural Comprehensive Service Center of Ningxiang City， Changsha 410609， PRC; 5. Hunan Tobacco Company Hengyang Company Changning Branch， Changning 42150o， PRC）

Abstract：Thisstudytookthebasinof WangjiaRiver，atypicaltributaryof teNanhuLakebasininYueyangCity，HunanProvince， as theresearcharea.Onthebasisofconducting the monitoringof phosphorus polutants inthe water environment，andfurther consideringtheinfenesofthehydrologicalenvironment，topographyandlandforms，ndlandusetypesofthebasi，tisstudy constructedandoptimizedamulti-salephosphorus source-sinktransportmodel integratingenvironmental informationandspatial remotesensingthrough MIKE21 software，andanalyzedandsimulatedthe spatio-temporalvariationsof phosphorus non-point sourcepolltionloads，soastoprovidereferencefortheprecisepreventionandcontrolofphosporuspollutioninwaterbodie.he monitoringresultsshowedthatthepeakperiodofphosphorusconcentrationfromvarious polutionsources in WangjiaRiver from September2O23toAugust2O24wasconcentratedinwinterandspring.Theaveragetotalphosphorusconcentrationinthewaterbody ofWangjiaRiverwas 0.78mg/L ，and the average total phosphorus concentration in the water body of the catchment area was 0.61 mg/L .Both exceeded the Class ΔV water quality concentration standard in the GB 3838—2O02 Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards.Intemsoftemporalvariation，theaveragetotalphosphorusconcentrationinthewaterbodiesofWangiaRiverandthe catchment area bothshowedthehighest levelsinspring andthelowest levelsinautumn.Intermsofspatial variation，theaverage totalphosphorusconcentrationinthewaterbodyofWangjiaRiverfromtheupperreaches tothelowerreachesshowedatrendoffirst increasingand thendecreasing.The average totalphosphorusconcentrationofthe waterbodyin the middleofthecatchmentarea was higherthanthatonboth sidesinspring，while theopposite trendoccurred inautumn.The average acuracyoftheoptimized model simulation increasedtoabout 70% ，andthe trend of thesimulation results was basically consistent with that of the measured results.

Keywords： non-point source pollution; total phosphorus in the water body;MIKE 21;spatio-temporal variations;Nanhu Lake; Wangjia River

位于湖南省岳阳市的南湖是洞庭湖的主要湖汊之一，其历来是周边渔民们的生存之本，也成为周边大部分生活、生产活动的排污地[1-2]。近年来，在周边区域工业化、城镇化进程加快的背景下，由于环保规划、管理不够到位等，南湖流域出现面源污染加重、生态功能退化等一系列问题[3]。岳阳市环境监测中心数据表明，南湖水体中磷污染程度最高[46]。磷污染问题是我国水体污染防治领域的重要关注点之一[7-8]，磷污染不仅会加速水体富营养化进程，减少生物多样性，也会影响到工农业生产和居民生活。然而，目前磷污染物在南湖流域的迁移动态尚未得到很好的评估，因此，开展南湖流域磷污染程度趋势变化的评价研究具有迫切的现实意义[69]。

当前主流的2种评价流域污染程度趋势变化的方法是进行实地勘探和构建水质模型。基于实地勘探的评价方法通常需要大量的观测数据，而观测对时间和资源的要求较高。因此，通过构建水质模型对水体污染负荷进行模拟分析成为国内外学者的研究重点。如Wang等[1o使用水质分析模拟程序（WaterQualityAnalysisSimulationProgram，WASP）研究污染物排放总量和地理分布特征；Venishetty等[11]使用土壤与水评估工具（SoilandWaterAssessmentTool，SWAT）对流域内污染物负荷进行评价分析。这几种模型主要针对长时段的流域综合模拟，但针对小流域以及排污口分布模拟的模块应用则较为单一。……