摘" 要：探究烟稻复种区烤烟氮、磷、钾养分积累，烟叶产量、产值对施氮量和基追肥氮比例的响应，为稻茬烤烟制定施肥策略。以云烟87为材料，设计氮用量水平150、165、180 kg/hm²和基追肥氮比例为3∶7、5∶5，采用效应值（h²_p）分析氮用量、基追肥氮比例及其互作对氮、磷、钾养分积累的贡献率。结果表明：烤烟积累的氮、磷、钾养分主要分配给烟叶，且随着烤烟生长，分配给烟叶的比例也减少。随着氮用量的增加，烤烟的氮积累量、烟叶产量、产值也增加；减少基肥氮比例，可显著提高烟株氮积累量和烟叶产量、产值，显著提高氮肥利用率和氮、磷、钾肥的偏生产力、偏生产效益。氮用量、基追肥氮比例及其互作对烤烟氮积累的贡献率平均值分别42.89%、29.63%、27.47%，对磷积累的贡献率平均值分别为38.62%、24.12%、37.25%，对钾积累的贡献率平均值分别为41.22%、21.24%、37.54%，对产量的贡献率平均值分别为62.13%、6.34%、31.53%，产值的贡献率平均值分别为47.30%、14.74%、37.95%。整个生育期，施氮量180 kg/hm²和基追肥氮比例3∶7处理的氮积累量相对较多；在团棵期和圆顶期，施氮量180 kg/hm²和基追肥氮比例3∶7处理的磷、钾积累量相对较多；施氮量180 kg/hm²和基追肥氮比例3∶7处理烤烟产量和产值最高。因此，在烟稻复种区，氮用量对烤烟氮、磷、钾养分积累的影响最大，烤烟生产中基肥氮比例由50%减少至30%，可提高烟叶氮积累量，有利于烟叶产量、产值及氮肥利用率的提高。

关键词：稻茬烤烟；施氮量；基追肥氮比例；养分积累与分配；肥料利用率中图分类号：S572 """""文献标志码：A

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Basal-topdressing N Ratio on Accumulation of Nitrogen， Phosphorus and Potassium and Yield and Output Value of Paddy-tobacco

LIU Linghua¹， TAN Zhipeng¹， LI Sijun¹， WU Wenxin¹， CHEN Xiaye¹， MA Yinhua¹， LIU Yijing¹， ZHONG Yi¹， LI Xu²， YU Dapeng²， XIE Xiaoli^3*， CHENG Mingzhu⁴， DENG Xiaohua^4*

1. Chenzhou Branch， Hunan Tobacco Co.， Chenzhou， Hunan 424400， China; 2. Jilin Tobacco Industrial Co.， Ltd， Yanji， Jilin 130000， China; 3. Guiyang County Meteorological Bureau， Guiyang， Hunan 424400， China; 4. College of Agronomy， Hunan Agricultural University， Changsha， Hunan 410128， China

Abstract： The response of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium nutrient accumulation， yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco in multi-planting area of tobacco-rice to the nitrogen application and basal-topdressing ratio was studied to provide a theoretical basis for the development of fertilizer application strategies for paddy-tobacco. Cultivar Yunyan 87 was used and three nitrogen application treatments （150 kg/hm²， 165 kg/hm² and 180 kg/hm²） and two basal-topdressing ratio of nitrogen treatments （3∶7 and 5∶5） were set up. The effects of nitrogen application and basal-topdressing ratio on the accumulation and distribution of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium nutrients， also on yield， output value and fertilizer utilization of paddy-tobacco， and the contribution rate of nitrogen application and basal-topdressing ratio and the interaction to the accumulation of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium were analysed using the effect value （h²_p）. The results showed that nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium nutrients accumulated by flue-cured tobacco were mainly allocated to tobacco leaves， and the proportion allocated to tobacco leaves decreased with the growth of flue-cured tobacco. With the increase of nitrogen application， nitrogen accumulation and tobacco yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco increased， meanwhile reducing the proportion of base fertilizer nitrogen could significantly increase the nitrogen accumulation of the tobacco plant and yield and output value of tobacco leaf， also significantly increase the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and the partial productivity and the partial production benefit of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. On average， nitrogen application and basal-topdressing ratio and the interactions contributed 42.89%， 29.63% and 27.47% to nitrogen accumulation of flue-cured tobacco， and 38.62%， 24.12% and 37.25% to phosphorus accumulation， and 41.22%， 21.24% and 37.54% to potassium accumulation， and 62.13%， 6.34% and 31.53% to yield， and 47.30%， 14.74% and 37.95% to output. Throughout the reproductive period， nitrogen accumulation was relatively high in the nitrogen treatments of 180 kg/hm² and the 3∶7 basal-topdressing N ratio. In the rosette stage and dome stage， the accumulation of phosphorus and potassium was relatively high in the nitrogen treatments of 180 kg/hm² and 3∶7 basal-topdressing N ratio. The highest yield and output value were achieved in the nitrogen treatments of 180 kg/hm² and 3∶7 basal-topdressing N ratio. Therefore， in the multi-planting area of tobacco-rice， the nitrogen application has the greatest influence on the accumulation of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium nutrients in flue-cured tobacco， and the reduction of the proportion of base fertilizer nitrogen from 50% to 30% can increase the accumulation of nitrogen of tobacco leaf， which is conducive to the improvement of the yield and output value of tobacco leaf and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.

Keywords： paddy-tobacco; nitrogen application; basal-topdressing N ratio; accumulation and distribution of nutrients; fertilizer utilization rate

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.017

湖南烟稻复种区的烤烟大田前期雨水多^[1]，肥料流失严重^[2]，其施氮量一般在180 kg/hm²，远高于云南和河南烟区^[3-4]，不仅增加了烤烟生产成本，还污染烟区生态环境，减少烤烟生产的氮肥施用量迫在眉睫。……