代保清 王艳

摘要 以位于遼河支流的辽宁省昌图县黑鱼水库上游、支流、水库主体和库尾的水滨带植被为对象，采用沿线采集和样方法调查了不同地点的植物种类，分析了植物的生活型、重要值和生物多样性。共鉴定到31科、66属、98种植物，主要为草本植物，其中菊科、禾本科、蓼科的种类较多，有18个科只出现一个物种。与水库上游和库尾的植物种类相比，库体和支流的植物种类更加趋向简单化。不同调查地点植物的生活型呈现一年生草本植物比例大于多年生草本植物的特点。重要值较高的植物以一年生植物为主，但水库上游多年生草本植物重要值较高的物种多于其他调查地点，生物入侵植物豚草在支流和库体沿岸重要值较高。α多样性从高到低的顺序为水库上游>库尾出水口>支流>主体;β多样性表明上游与其他几个地点的群落差异较大，支流与库尾的差异也较大;差异小的是支流与库体、库体与库尾的群落。结果表明：黑鱼水库不同地点的水滨带植被均受到了不同程度的人为干扰，并针对黑鱼水库水滨带植被存在的问题提出了对策。

关键词 水滨带; 高等植物;生活型;重要值;生物多样性;对策

中图分类号 Q 949  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）21-0093-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.21.023

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Advanced Plant Analysis on the Riparian Zone of Heiyu Reservoir Located on the Branch of Liaohe River

DAI Bao-qing WANG Yan2

（1.Shenyang Academy of Landscape，Shenyang，Liaoning 110016;2.College of Chemistry and Life，Shenyang Normal University，Shenyang，Liaoning 110034）

Abstract The advanced plants of representative sites along Heiyu Reservoir was studied with a focus on plant species，life-form，important value and diversity.31 families，66 genus and 98 species were found and most of them were herbage.Many species were classified in Compositae，Graminae and Polyganaceae families.There were 18 families with 1 species appeared.Species number of upstream and outlet were about 2 times of those at tributary and body of reservoir.Therophyte proportion was higher than those of perennial herbage on different sites.Most plants with high important values were therophyte.But there were more perennial herbs with high important value than other sites in upstream.Ambrosia artemisiifolia，an invasive plant，had high important values at tributary and reservoir body.The α biodiversity sequence of different sites were upstream>water outlet>tributaries streams>main body of the reservoir according to Shanon-Weiner biodiversity index.The β diversity indexes showed that upstream community was very different to other communities.There was a big difference between tributary and outlet communities too.The differences were small between tributary and reservoir body communities as well as outlet and reservoir body communities.The results showed that the environment of human disturbance had obvious but different influences on the vegetation different sites of Heiyu Reservoir.In order to restore the natural vegetation，the water collection area should be enlarged and human disturbance should be removed.The measurements should include conversion of farmland near the water to natural vegetation and artificial methods to construct wetland community.

Key words Riparian zone;Advanced plants;Life-form;Importance value;Biodiversity;Countermeasures

基金项目 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2013ZX07501-004）。

作者简介 代保清（1968—），男，辽宁沈阳人，教授级高级工程师，博士，从事园林植物选育和应用研究。

收稿日期 2021-03-16

水库是当今水生态系统的重要组成部分，是人类利用工程手段调节和利用水资源的主要方式[1]。水库水滨带植……