崔晨阳 肖志波

[摘要]基底细胞癌是一种来源于基底细胞或皮肤附属器组织的低度恶性肿瘤，其发病率逐年增加，且发病人群具有年轻化的趋势。其转移率较低，但常与恶性结局相关，早期发现并完全切除通常会取得很好疗效。临床困扰的主要难题在于局部晚期侵袭性肿瘤以及复发的肿瘤，目前经典的治疗方法仍是常规手术切除和莫氏显微外科手术切除，其他方法有局部理化治疗以及新兴的靶向治疗如拮抗SMO受体等，但由于副作用及耐药性等原因，有必要寻找更为合适的分子靶点。越来越多的研究证据表明miRNAs在基底细胞癌发生发展过程中起到关键的调控作用。本文就miRNAs在基底细胞癌中的差异表达、作用及其潜在的临床应用价值进行综述，为后续的科学研究或基底细胞癌的预防、早期诊断和预后判断提供参考。

[关键词]microRNA;基底细胞癌;表达差异;作用机制

[中图分类号]R739.5    [文献标志码]A    [文章编号]1008-6455（2021）06-0177-04

Research Progress of microRNA in Human Skin Basal Cell Carcinoma

CUI Chen-yang，XIAO Zhi-bo

（Department of Plastic Surgery， the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University， Harbin 150081，Heilongjiang，China）

Abstract： Basal cell carcinoma （BCC） is a kind of low-grade malignant tumor originated from basal cells or skin adnexal tissues. Its incidence rate increases year by year， and the incidence population tends to be younger. The rate of metastasis is low， but it is often associated with malignant outcomes， and early detection and excision completey usually yield good results. The main challenge of clinical problems lies in locally advanced invasive tumors and recurrence tumors. The classic treatment is still a routine surgical resection and Mohs microsurgery， local physical and chemical treatment and other emerging methods such as antagonizing SMO receptor therapy also have applicationed， however， due to side effects and drug resistance， it is necessary to look for more suitable molecular targets. More and more research evidence indicates that miRNAs play a key regulatory role in the development of basal cell carcinoma. In this review， the differential expression and the role of miRNAs in BCC and its potential clinical application values are reviewed， so as to provide reference for the subsequent scientific research or prevention， early diagnosis and prognostic judgment of BCC.

Key words： microRNA; basal cell carcinoma; expression difference; pathogenesis

基底细胞癌（Basal cell carcinoma，BCC）最常见的诱因是紫外线照射，其次是砷接触和免疫抑制状态等，它们会引起肿瘤基因功能的改变及相关通路活性的改变，导致肿瘤的发生[1]。近年来，对基因表达调控机制的研究表明，miRNAs在多维度参与调控BCC的发生和发展[2]。通过分析miRNAs在正常皮肤组织和BCC组织中的表达差异，预测其相应的靶基因和（或）靶蛋白，上调或下调相应的信号分子，能够实现在基因水平上对BCC的发生和发展进行调控，为其治疗提供崭新的平台和思路。

miRNAs是一类广泛存在于生物体内的长18～22个核苷酸的内源性非编码小分子RNA。……