云南兰坪箐花甸国家湿地公园土地利用现状及生态环境评价
2021-11-07刘鸿
刘鸿



摘要:云南兰坪箐花甸国家湿地公园区位重要,景观和资源较为典型,具有完整的生态系统及稀有生物资源,同时其生态系统也较为脆弱,为了更好制定保护与发展管护措施,文章基于湿地公园的土地利用类型分析了其结构,并评价了现阶段湿地生态环境健康水平,提出了相关保护建议。结果表明:湿地公园的土地利用类型以草地为主,面积占比为76.3%,其次為林地(19.6%),再次为耕地(1.6%);各功能区生态环境健康等级均处于“一般”水平,其中保育区生态环境质量相对较好,其LDI综合指数为2.60,整体上该湿地生态环境健康评价等级为“一般”。
关键词:土地利用;国家湿地公园;生态环境;健康等级;兰坪箐花甸
中图分类号:S759.9 文献标识码:A
Abstract: Qing Huadian National Wetland Park in Lanping County, Yunnan Province is located in an important area with typical landscape and resources. It has a complete ecosystem and rare biological resources. At the same time, its ecosystem is relatively fragile. In order to better formulate protection and development management measures, this paper analyzes its structure based on the land use types of the Wetland Park, and evaluates the current wetland ecological environment health level, relevant protection suggestions are put forward. The results showed that grassland was the main land use type, accounting for 76.3%, followed by woodland (19.6%) and cultivated land (1.6%); The ecological environment health level of each functional area is at the "average" level, and the ecological environment quality of the conservation area is relatively good, with the LDI composite index of 2.60. On the whole, the ecological environment health evaluation level of the wetland is "average".
Key words: Land use; National Wetland Park; ecological environment; health level; Lanping Qing Huadian
湿地是自然生态系统的重要组成部分,其具有调控水文、维持生物多样性、提供休闲游憩等多种生态系统服务功能[1-2]。湿地公园是国家湿地保护体系的重要组成部分,是以保护湿地生态系统完整性、维护湿地生态服务功能正常运转为目的,并在此基础上充分发挥湿地的生态、社会、和经济价值[3]。然而,湿地的生态系统是较为脆弱的,其生态功能极易受到人为活动的破坏,从而导致湿地生物多样性消失及生态功能严重退化[4-6]。湿地现状可直接反映出湿地生态系统的健康水平,通过定性或定量评价湿地环境状态是监测湿地演化过程及保护管理的重要手段[7-11]。云南兰坪箐花甸国家湿地公园于2016年12月由国家林业局批准建立,该湿地为亚高山丹霞冰蚀沼泽,在全国都具有独特性。……
